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  1. Stockings — 2023-12-30 23:58:55
    …death_place="" }} === William Lee 1589 === [[Society]]:[[1500s]] William Lee invented the first stocking frame knitting machine in 1589. His machine took the traditional heavy hosiery to fine silk stockings that became popular with ladies. Th…
    …tage industry. {{Image url="StockingLegs.png" class="left" title="Fully Fashioned Stockings" width="300" }}Lee's first machine was refused a patent by Queen Elizabeth I as it was not superior to the hand made stockings and she wanted to protec…
    …t the people making a living from hand knitting. {{Image url="KnittingMachine.jpg" class="right" title="Knitting Machine" width="" }}…
  2. Elevator — 2023-12-30 12:44:08
    … Colosseum was a steam-powered **"Ascending Room"** capable of elevating up to twelve persons and was raised by "secret machinery". The project proved so expensive that his backer, Rowland Stephenson MP, had to flee to America in 1828, Hornor…
  3. Split the Atom — 2023-10-10 00:05:57
    …nted more control over the particles used to penetrate nuclei. He directed Cockcroft and Walton to build a high voltage machine he called for "a million volts in a soapbox". == Cockcroft-Walton Generator == The Cockcroft-Walton generator, a sy…
  4. FAX — 2023-10-09 23:52:19
    …eath_place="Scotland" }} === Alexander Bain 1843 === ~-[[Technology]]: [[Communication]]: [[1800s]] The first facsimile machine was devised by Alexander Bain in 1843. He declared that: "a copy of any other surface composed of conducting and no…
    …ctive to the swinging pendulum. Every swing over a conductive surface was reproduced at the receiver. {{Image url="FAX-Machine.jpg" class="left" title="FAX Machine" width="450" }} == Improvements == Frederick Bakewell went on to improve the c…
    …egraph" which he demonstrated at the 1851 World's Fair in London. Many improvements came along and eventually the FAX machine became standard office equipment by the 1980s. It is still widely used but it's future looks a short one with compu…
  5. Modern Farming — 2023-10-09 23:44:30
    …ing that did not always produce good crops. Jethro Tull’s seed drill immeasurably improved this problem. He created a machine that would plant seeds in three rows at a time. == Improved technique == A hole for the seed would be made at a pr…
    …ole would be covered over by a harrow (a trailing bar), which gathered soil and evenly deposited it over the seeds. The machine, horse or ox drawn would then move to the next position and seed again. {{Image url="SeedInDrills.jpg" class="left" …
  6. Computer — 2023-10-09 23:40:16
    …ter to Sir Humphry Davy in 1822. ===Difference Engine=== The 1820s saw Babbage work on his '**Difference Engine**', a machine which could perform mathematical calculations. A six-wheeled model was initially constructed and demonstrated to a n…
    …umber of audiences. He then developed plans for a bigger, better, machine - Difference Engine 2. He also worked on another invention, the more complex **Analytical Engine**, a revolutionary …
  7. Webcam — 2023-10-09 11:44:50
    …m was developed by the Computer Science Department at Cambridge University. In 1991 it broadcast images of their coffee machine from the Trojan Room. As the web gained popularity the system was modified to make the coffee pot images available …
  8. Electronic Computer — 2023-10-07 10:38:05
    …licated encrypted German coded messages made by **Lorenz** cipher devices. Bletchley called the devices **TUNNY**, a machine with 1.6 million billion combinations! Bill Tutte was given the task of cracking the complex code. Tutte worked fo…
    … == >>{{amazonad}}>> [[Computer]] == Enigma == The Colossus was not used to decipher the Enigma. That was done with a machine called **Bombe** that was developed for Alan Turing by **Harold 'Doc' Keen** at the **British Tabulating Machine Co…
  9. Telegraph — 2023-09-23 15:56:52
    …e sent along the wire were used to transmit messages. To communicate messages Ronalds had made two identical clock-like machines, each with a moving index or hand, with the alphabet engraved around the dial. >>{{amazon type="book" items="11454…
  10. PIN — 2023-09-23 15:56:10
    …,197,183 dated of May 2 1966, covers this invention. It is also covered by US Patent No.3,905,461. == Automated Teller Machine == The PIN, or Personal Identification Number is a short code entered by the cardholder into a cash dispenser that,…
    … if found to correspond with the specific encryption on the card, will activate the machine, and allow a withdrawal to be made. This concept is still in use some {{Datediff from="1966"}} years later all arou…
    …Cashier was the first cash dispenser to use a plastic card in conjunction with a PIN. The competitor, the BARCLAYCASH machine, was designed by De La Rue.…
  11. ATM — 2023-09-23 12:02:41
    …le. ::c:: == The Process == Plastic bank cards with magnetic strips had still to be invented, Shepherd-Barron's early machines used special cheques called "Barclaycash" that were chemically coded with impregnated carbon-14. Customers placed …
    …the cheque into a drawer, the machine detected and matched the cheque against a number code entered before paying out a maximum of £10. == Recognition =…
    …= Shepherd-Barron's machine trail-blazed the industry to improve the technology and De La Rue's machine was soon surpassed with the advent of bank cards with magnetic strips and [[PIN]] codes. In 2004 for his services t…
    …o the industry, and his work on ATMs in particular, he was appointed **OBE.** == Of Note == Previous 'cash machines' like the 'Bankograph' were primarily deposit points. …
  12. Concorde — 2021-08-20 11:08:12
    …l turbojet-powered **supersonic** passenger jet airliner. With a maximum speed at over **twice the speed of sound** at Mach 2.04 or 1,354 mph at cruise altitude. First flown in **1969**, Concorde entered service in **1976** and continued comm…
    …ercial flights for **27 years**. ::cl:: == Mach 2 == {{Image url="concorde1.jpg" class="left" title="Majestic Concorde" width="400" }}Brian Trubshaw test flew the firs…
    …Concorde over Clifton Bridge" width="400" }} <<{{amazon type="book" items="075093980X" }}<< ::c:: {{Tag ids="Flight jet mach supersonic "}} ~- {{color c="#999" text="Espionage is the highest form of flattery."}}…
  13. Ice Cream Cone — 2021-08-14 20:22:38
    …so gave public lectures on cooking, ran an agency for domestic staff and was granted a patent for an improved ice cream machine that could freeze a pint of ice cream in five minutes. She also suggested using liquid nitrogen to make ice cream, n…
  14. Vibrator — 2021-08-14 19:48:28
    …**Electro-mechanical Vibrator** 1880. Originally called a percusser or more colloquially "**Granville's hammer**", the machine was manufactured and sold to physicians to relieve muscle aches. Dr. Joseph Mortimer Granville was born in [[London…
  15. Steel — 2021-08-12 20:31:45
    …railroad and colonise the western part of the country. Sheet steel could now be used in consumer products like washing machines, electric ovens, refrigerators and the car. By 1914 car manufacturing become the leading consumer of steel.…
  16. Rubber — 2021-08-12 20:24:10
    …ngs. == Mastication == In 1820 Hancock invented his most important device: the '''rubber masticator'''. He designed a machine with revolving teeth that tore up rubber scraps. To Hancock's surprise, the shredded bits adhered into a solid mass …
    …cted in 1821, made rubber manufacture commercially practical and gave birth to the rubber industry. Hancock called his machine a "pickle" and kept the masticating process a secret for 10 years. The advantages of the Hancock rubber masticator …
  17. Sewing Machine — 2021-08-11 11:41:32
    …ilt Saints sewing machine, proving it did work. His replica is now exhibited in the Science Museum. == Modern Features == {{Image url="Thomas…
    …SaintSewingMachine.jpg" class="left" title="Thomas Saint Sewing Machine" width="450" }} **Saint’s** device had many features of today's sewing machines. It had an overhead arm to take th…
    …e stitch. /* By the time of this discovery others, like Singer, had become millionaires from patents which, if Saint's machine had been discovered earlier, would never have been approved. Newton Wilson was one who had suffered at the hands of…
    …grounds that the later patents were worthless but he got his revenge in a remarkable way. He built a replica of a Saint machine made from the drawings submitted with the patent. He proved it worked. He then booked space at the 1876 Centennial …
  18. Lawn Mower — 2021-08-10 08:19:36
    …}}>>One of the first of Budding and Ferrabee machines was used in **Regent's Park Zoological Gardens** in London [[Zoo]], in **1831**. It took another ten years and furt…
    …her innovations to create a machine that could be worked by donkey or horse power, and sixty years before a steam-powered lawnmower was built. == Links…
  19. Guillotine — 2021-08-09 22:22:29
    …4 people sentenced to death, perhaps indicating the effectiveness of the device as a deterrent. == Civil War == The machine remained in use until **Oliver Cromwell** forbade capital punishment for petty theft. The Halifax Gibbet was used fo…
  20. Chocolate Bar — 2021-08-09 22:11:02
    …y used a Watts steam engine to help grind the cocoa beans to a much finer powder than had previously been achieved. The machine could not only grind more thoroughly but it could output greater amounts of ground cocoa. This gave the chocolateer…
  21. Can — 2021-08-09 21:53:19
    …e patent was re-sold in America some six years later in 1818. == Mass Production == In 1846, **Henry Evans** invents a machine that can manufacture tin cans at a rate of sixty (60) per hour, a significant increase over the previous rate of onl…
  22. Bearings — 2021-08-08 20:30:19
    … success of the bearings caught the imagination of other engineers who applied the principle to a multitude of rotating machinery. Bearings improved and miniaturised in the coming years and now just about every moving device has bearings to red…
    …uce friction. == Bearing == - Transport - every car lorry bicycle - Home - Washing machine, foodmixer, Vacuum, DVD - Factory - Machinary, robotics, trolly, forklift. …
  23. Plywood — 2021-08-08 18:44:16
    …patents ever issued by the British Patents Office"//, because it automated the whole process of woodworking machinery for making blocks. A Pulley block, at this time, was one of the British Navy's biggest expense. One ship might nee…
    …d 1500 pulleys all made by hand. His block making machines developed with Marc Isambard Brunel saved the Admiralty thousands of pounds. Some of these machines were still in r…
  24. Powered Flight — 2021-04-05 22:36:49
    …oneer who experimented with gliders. In 1799 he set in place the concept of the modern aeroplane as a fixed-wing flying machine. {{Image url="Airfoil.gif" class="left" title="Airfoil" width="200" }}He experiments led him to develop an efficient…
    … the engine weighed just under 6¾ lbs and drove two large propellers which rotated in opposite directions to give the machine lateral stability. == Exhibition 1868 == {{Image url="Flyingmachine-henson.jpg" title="" class="right" width="200…
  25. Toothbrush — 2021-01-28 15:14:07
    …broad to the US in the 1880’s. By the time WWII came along Addis employed 650 people and the first injection moulding machines were purchased and the first nylon toothbrush was launched (under the Wisdom brand). It stayed in family ownership…
  26. Electric Toaster — 2020-12-01 01:05:39
    … today's toasters. The device was quite simple and a person had to turn the bread over to toast both sides and turn the machine off by hand. ::c:: == Crompton == {{Image url="Crompton.jpg" class="left" width="300" title="Colonel Crompton" }} *…
  27. Vacuum cleaner — 2020-10-11 23:24:10
    ….jpg" class="left" title="Blue plaque to Hubert Cecil Booth on Park House in Montpellier, Gloucester" width="300" }}The machine toured the streets with a team of of men in white drill suits. On finding a potential customer, the salesmen demonst…
  28. Hydraulics — 2020-08-17 13:24:35
    …hroughout a closed system is constant. This was known for some time but no one had realised how effective and compact a machine could be until the Bramah Press. The hydraulic press is still known as the Bramah Press after its inventor. {{amaz…
  29. Hydroelectric Power — 2020-08-17 09:05:43
    …], [[England]]. **William George Armstrong** (1810 – 1900) installed a generator in his home to power labour-saving machines such as laundry equipment and a hydraulic lift in 1870. {{Image url="CragsideHouse.jpg" class="right" alt="Cragsid…
    …. It was the first //'smart home'// with electric incandescent lighting, a dish washer, a vacuum cleaner and a washing machine. {{tag ids="Cragside Armstrong Hydroelectricity power electricity dynamo"}} …
  30. Speedfit — 2017-05-11 00:37:50
    …mestic plumbing. Now any novice with DIY experience can make 100% water-tight connections when fitting in a new washing machine or bath etc. …

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