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  1. Elevator — 2023-12-30 12:44:08
    … control cable in the car operated a belt-shifter to change travel direction. A hand brake is in evidence. This basic system remained the principle for lifts for over 50 years. == Links == [[http://www.victorianlondon.org/entertainment/coloss…
  2. Split the Atom — 2023-10-10 00:05:57
    …ine he called for "a million volts in a soapbox". == Cockcroft-Walton Generator == The Cockcroft-Walton generator, a system of capacitors and thermionic rectifiers produced voltages around 600,000 volts. It wasn't a million volts, but it prove…
  3. Internal Combustion Engine — 2023-10-09 23:51:33
    … commercially on 8 July **1892**. It was the **first internal combustion engine** to use a pressurised fuel injection system. The engine was hugely successful. During the period from 1891 through 1905, a total of 32,417 engines were produced. {…
  4. Webcam — 2023-10-09 11:44:50
    …iversity. In 1991 it broadcast images of their coffee machine from the Trojan Room. As the web gained popularity the system was modified to make the coffee pot images available over HTTP and thus became the first webcam.…
  5. Radar — 2023-10-08 00:18:51
    … the fighters, which took many steps and was very slow. Watson-Watt immediately attacked this problem, and set up the system with several layers of reporting that were eventually sent to a single large room for mapping. Observers watching the m…
    … groups what to do via direct communications. By **1937** the first three stations were ready, and his new reporting system put to the test. The results were clearly successful and an immediate order for an additional 20 stations was sent out.…
    … with a flight of LZ 130, the GRAF Zeppelin II, but concluded the stations were a new long-range naval communications system. == War years == In July 1938 Watson-Watt left Bawdsey Manor and took up the post of Director of Communications Develo…
  6. Electronic Computer — 2023-10-07 10:38:05
    …ing. He joined the telecommunications branch of General Post Office (GPO) in **1926** and felt that the mechanical system used for the telephone exchange could be converted to an all-electronic system. == Great minds == This gave him good e…
    …xperience and working the mathematician **Maxwell Newman** they proposed an electronic computer system using **1500** [[Thermionic_valve|Thermionic valves]]. Colossus could work at 5000 characters per second with an interv…
  7. WorldWideWeb — 2023-09-23 15:57:32
    …nity to join hypertext with the Internet. In 1989, Berners-Lee submitted a proposal at CERN to develop an information system that would create a web of information. Initially, his proposal received no reply, but he began working on his idea any…
  8. Telegraph — 2023-09-23 15:56:52
    …h_place="Battle" }} === Francis Ronalds 1816 === {{Toc}} /* event_date="1816" The first working electrical telegraph system. */ The first working electrical telegraph system was built by English inventor Francis Ronalds in **1816** at 26 Upper…
    …t anyone could read the message being sent, no need for anyone to be trained in understanding codes, unlike the Morse system. === Morse === On learning of this first electrical telegraph success from the newspapers in New York, S F B Morse, a…
    … Telegraph worked. Morse was wanting to patent his own simple telegraphic apparatus in Europe. He could see that this system was more advanced than his own system but needed a 5 core cable which would prove too expensive for the distances invo…
  9. Stereo — 2023-09-23 15:56:38
    …mber carrying the only prototype H2S system crashed at Welsh Bicknor. Alan Blumlein and two colleagues from EMI, along with eight others were killed. …
  10. Radio — 2023-09-23 15:56:24
    …i Radio" class="right" width="250" }} **Guglielmo Marconi** began pursuing the idea of building a wireless telegraphy system based on Hertzian waves (radio). Marconi gained a patent on the system in 1896. Marconi was born in Bologna on 25 Apri…
  11. PIN — 2023-09-23 15:56:10
    …Identification Number was invented by Goodfellow in 1966 to secure cash ATM machines. Referred to as the 'Chip & PIN' system. === James Goodfellow 1966 === James Goodfellow OBE was born in Paisley, [[Scotland]] in 1937. During the 1960’s s…
    …hut. The task was taken up by Kelvin Hughes, a subsidiary of Smiths Industries Ltd. Goodfellow designed a software system that could accept a machine-readable encrypted card, identifying the individual, and providing them with their money on…
  12. ATM — 2023-09-23 12:02:41
    … ITV sitcom On the Buses, was hired to promote the device. They were officially called DACS (De La Rue Automatic Cash System). In 1969 he described the system to the conference of the American Banking Association, but received a lukewarm respo…
  13. Toilet — 2023-09-08 09:57:11
    …o Queen Elizabeth I of [[England]]. Harrington invented both a valve at the bottom of the water tank, and a wash-down system. However it was not widely adopted because there was no supply of running water to flush it. === JF Brondel 1738 === …
    …] invented a hinged valve or 'crank valve' in 1778. This sealed the bottom of the bowl. He also devised a float valve system for the cistern. Early toilet bowls were painted cast iron and had no flange on the rim. These discharged into a separa…
    …per" width="180" }}>> Born 1836 Waterside, Yorkshire, England. During the 1880s Thomas Crapper invented the siphonic system for emptying the cistern. This avoided the problem of leaks common with the earlier floating valve system. Apparently t…
  14. Television — 2021-11-06 16:35:18
    …ll and the video amplifier. February 1924 demonstrated to the Radio Times that a semi-mechanical analogue television system was possible by transmitting moving silhouette images, such as his fingers wiggling, in his London laboratory. Baird ga…
    … class="right" title="John Logie Baird with his television" }} == Big screen == He demonstrated a theatre television system, with a screen two feet by five feet, in 1930 at the London Coliseum, Berlin, Paris, and Stockholm. By 1939 he had impr…
    …oved his theatre projection system to televise a boxing match on a screen '''15 feet by 12''' (4.6 by 3.7 m). …
  15. Postage Stamp — 2021-11-06 16:32:56
    …ategoryIndustry]]:[[1800s]] The **Penny Black** was the world's first adhesive postage stamp used in a public postal system. It was the first pre-paid mail service, issued in Great Britain on 1 May **1840**, for official use from 6 May of that…
    …ostage available to the masses. == The postal reform that swept the world == It took only five months till the new system was running smoothly and soon other countries wanted the principle adopted for their mail service. == Early Life == B…
  16. Hip Replacement — 2021-08-20 11:18:03
    …his own legs to ensure they worked before implanting them in a patient. Sir John and his team had created a clean-air system to protect patients during operations and clean trays to prevent cross-infection. == Key to Success == He wrote to al…
  17. Intraocular Lens — 2021-08-20 10:40:24
    …was decided that such an operation was impossible, and that an artificial lens would be rejected by the body's immune system. {{Image url="HaroldRidleyPlaque.jpg" class="right" title="Harold Ridley Plaque" width="" }} == Search for an Answer ==…
  18. Fingerprints — 2021-08-14 20:06:49
    …y in the Raj == A Fingerprint Bureau was established in Calcutta (Kolkata), India, in 1897. The 'Henry Classification System', co-devised by Haque and Bose ( working under their supervisor, Sir Edward Richard Henry), was accepted in England and…
  19. Hypodermic Syringe — 2021-08-12 20:33:54
    …r the poor of Dublin. In the 1840s, he tried to find a cure for neuralgia. This is a disease that attacks the nervous system and causes the sufferer to experience intense pain. In May 1844, he developed a drip needle for introducing drugs into…
  20. Sewing Machine — 2021-08-11 11:41:32
    …evice had many features of today's sewing machines. It had an overhead arm to take the stitching awl and a tensioning system. The awl pierced the material and a forked rod carried the thread through the hole, where it would be hooked underneath…
  21. Fire Extinguisher — 2021-08-09 21:05:28
    … consisted of a cask of fire-extinguishing liquid containing a pewter chamber of gunpowder. This was connected with a system of fuses which were ignited, exploding the gunpowder and scattering the solution. The idea of the device was to a limit…
  22. Sunday School — 2021-08-08 18:39:06
    …very week, approximately 25 percent of the population. They were the forerunners of the current English state school system. {{Image url="Robert-raikes-house.jpg" class="left" title="Robert Raikes house Gloucester, now a Public House" width="…
  23. Electric Toaster — 2020-12-01 01:05:39
    … Co in 1878, it soon became the country's leading distributor and manufacturer of electricity generating and lighting systems. <<{{image url="Light_bulb.gif" title="Incandescent light bulb" width="200" }}<< Crompton's reputation was such tha…
  24. Sport — 2020-11-30 00:32:47
    …ing circle for hitting goals. Changes in rules and play quickly developed from this beginning and by 1889 the pyramid system - five forwards, three halves, two backs and a goalkeeper became the accepted method of playing hockey. The United Sta…
  25. Stem Cells — 2020-08-17 17:30:21
    …3 */ == Seeking the Pluripotent Cells == Kaufman left but Evans carried this work forward and isolated the embryonic stem cell of the early mouse embryo and established it in a cell culture. He genetically modified and implanted it into adul…
    …ork for which he was awarded the **Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine** in recognition of his work in **2007**. == Stem Cells == {{Image url="StemCells.png" class="left" title="Diagram showing how stem cells are used." width="550" }} Our b…
    … cells can reproduce themselves or become adult cells. ::c:: ~&In December 1981 Gail Martin called the cells embryonic stem cells. {{Tag ids="Stem cells genetics embryo"}} …
  26. Hydraulics — 2020-08-17 13:24:35
    …h="" }} == Bramah Press == The hydraulic press uses Pascal's principle from 1647, that pressure throughout a closed system is constant. This was known for some time but no one had realised how effective and compact a machine could be until th…
    …owers 200 or 300 feet high to produce the necessary pressure. Where a tall tower was not practical he devised another system consisting of a cast-iron cylinder fitted with a plunger supporting a very heavy weight. The plunger was raised, drawin…
  27. Sinoatrial Node — 2020-08-15 18:08:00
    …rts, which they named the **sino‐auricular node.** The discovery of the sinus node or **SA** node, the electrical system of the heart, provided an anatomical answer to the baffling mystery: ~&**“Why does the heart beat?”** ^^ There is…
  28. Disc Brakes — 2020-08-09 19:54:18
    …ts Galore == As production increased Fred developed many improvements for their automobiles including his disk brake system. The discs were thin and made of brass but they fit the definition of a modern disc brake, beating competitors to the m…
  29. Underground Railway — 2019-10-23 19:35:16
    …idth="500" }} One of the more interesting railway innovations was devised in the 1860's; an **'underground railway'** system, or the **'Tube'** as it is known in [[London]]. It was largely financed by the City of London, which was suffering fro…
    …m horse-drawn traffic congestion and pollution that was holding back business. The idea of an underground system was thought up by the London City solicitor, **Charles Pearson**. {{Image url="CharlesPearson.jpg" class="right" title…
    …e to life. == Huge project == Using Victorian ingenuity and technical engineering expertise an elaborate underground system of rail links were built. The chief engineer was **John Fowler**, the leading railway engineer of the day. He did not …
  30. Emergency Telephone Number — 2017-07-06 10:16:06
    …ss="right" title="Policeman with 999 Operator" width="450" }} {{TOC}} === London 1937 === The first emergency number system in the world, **999**, was launched in [[London]] on **30 June 1937**. /* event_date="30 June 1937" Emergency services…
    …ass="grow left" title="Old Bakelite dial up phone with emergency number 999 on the label" width="300" }} The 999 call system was introduced after a two year inquiry, following the deaths of five women in a fire at Wimpole Street in London in 19…
  31. Speedfit — 2017-05-11 00:37:50
    …class="left" title="speedfit tee" width="" }} Guest manufacture push-in pipe fittings for copper and plastic plumbing systems. Having started with air compressor fittings these useful quick connect/disconnect fittings are used for oil and wate…
  32. Tank — 2016-05-16 11:27:53
    …tion_Engine | engine]] manufacturer. Hornsby's chief engineer , **David Roberts**, developed a **Caterpillar track** system for vehicles that was **patented in 1904**. This was demonstrated to the British Army. Due to a lack of interest he so…
    … large, armoured cross-country vehicles, armed with automatic rifles and moving on pedrail wheels, to break through a system of fortified trenches, disrupting the defence and clearing the way for an infantry advance. == Churchill == With recom…

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