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Split the Atom — 2023-10-10 00:05:57
… full human control. {{toc}} {{Image url="SplitAtom.jpg" class="left" title="Split Atom" width="200" }} == Prototype == Working in a vacant room at Ernest Rutherford's Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University, [[Cambridgeshire]], [[Englan…
Carbonated water — 2023-10-09 23:52:55
…ames Cook]] on his second voyage to the Pacific, in hope of its ability to alleviate scurvy. Unfortunately this didn't work. == Mass Production == {{Image url="SodaDrink.jpg" class="right" title="Soda Drink" width="250" }} Priestley’s paper…
Vacuum Flask — 2023-10-09 23:46:28
… created the highest known vacuum of his day. {{Image url="Thermos-and-cup.gif" title="Vacuum principle." }} It was his work at low temperatures which led to the idea of the thermos or vacuum flask. His invention was brought to consumers in '''…
Modern Farming — 2023-10-09 23:44:30
…hnologies. He wrote the book in **1731**. Jethro advocated the use of horses instead of heavy oxen for much of the farm work. …
Lever Brothers — 2023-10-09 23:43:45
…ng company Lever Brothers. {{TOC}} == Beginings == The Lever brothers were born in Bolton [[England]]. William & James worked in their fathers small grocery business. A local Bolton chemist, **William Hough Watson**, had invented a new proces…
…soap, using glycerin and vegetable oils or palm oil, rather than tallow fat. In 1885 the brothers bought the small soap works in Warrington making Watson a partner. == Soap == {{Image url="SunlightSoap.jpg" class="left" title="Sunlight Soap" w…
…as to become **Port Sunlight** "[[Model_Village | Model Village]]" or, self-contained community company village for the working staff to live. {{Image url="SunlightVillage.jpg" class="right" title="Sunlight Village" width="450" }} == UniLever…
Stainless Steel — 2023-10-09 23:42:45
…c furnace on 13th August 1913. {{TOC}} == Determination == Harry was born into a poor family. His father was a steel worker at **Thomas Firth & Sons**. Brearley started working at the age of twelve and a couple of years later was working for…
… his steel within the cutlery industry. With the help of his friend Ernest Stuart, Cutlery Manager at Mosley's Portland Works, they had perfected the hardening process for knives. Brearley wanted to call his invention ‘Rustless Steel’, but …
Cinematography — 2023-10-09 23:41:17
…demonstration in the US. Coincidentally Edison had by now instructed his Scottish engineer, William Kennedy Dickson, to work on new ideas for a cinematographic contraption. He was last known to be boarding a train on 16 September 1890 to visit…
Computer — 2023-10-09 23:40:16
…ciples of a calculating engine in a letter to Sir Humphry Davy in 1822. ===Difference Engine=== The 1820s saw Babbage work on his '**Difference Engine**', a machine which could perform mathematical calculations. A six-wheeled model was initia…
…nstrated to a number of audiences. He then developed plans for a bigger, better, machine - Difference Engine 2. He also worked on another invention, the more complex **Analytical Engine**, a revolutionary device on which made him the first **co…
…s of today's computers. == Finally Built == Based on Babbage's original plans, the London Science Museum constructed a working Difference Engine No. 2 from 1989 to 1991, under Doron Swade, the then Curator of Computing. This was to celebrate t…
Cat Eyes — 2023-10-09 23:39:36
…y Shaw (1890 - 1976) was born in Halifax in West [[Yorkshire]] in 1890, the son of Jimmy Shaw, a dyer’s labourer, who worked at a local mill. When he was 14, he worked as a road mender. {{{toc}}} Shaw was inventive, even at a young age, and …
Steam Engine — 2023-10-08 00:19:36
…rated the first operational and practical industrial engine. Together, Newcomen and Savery developed a beam engine that worked on the atmospheric, or vacuum, principle. The first industrial applications of the vacuum engines were in the pumping…
…be the power produced. And he coined the term **horsepower** when describing his engines saying that they 'could do the work of six horses' which we still use to describe the power of a car for example. @@{{image url="WattSteamEngine.jpg" clas…
Radar — 2023-10-08 00:18:51
…son-Watt was granted a patent for radar. By June they were detecting aircraft at 17 miles, which was enough to stop all work on competing sound-based detection systems. By the end of the year the range was up to **60 miles**, at which point pla…
Pedestrian Crossing — 2023-10-07 11:08:59
…ed zebra markings and the terminology stuck. === George Charlesworth 1951 === Traffic engineer George Charlesworth had worked on the Barnes Wallis-designed [[Bouncing_bomb]] was dubbed ‘Dr Zebra’. Charlesworth headed the team who pioneere…
Air Traffic Control — 2023-10-07 10:51:35
…rodrome and opened on 29 March 1920. == ATC == Air Traffic Control aim is to provide a “controlled airspace”, a network of airway corridors that provide a safety zone for air traffic to operate in. Distances vary but aircraft that are flyi…
Electronic Computer — 2023-10-07 10:38:05
…as developed for Alan Turing by **Harold 'Doc' Keen** at the **British Tabulating Machine Company** (BTM) based on the work by the Polish version called the //Bomba//.…
Hovercraft — 2023-10-07 09:48:35
… Thomas Hardy, called him simply "**grandfather of the hovercraft**".) == War Years == During the war years Cockerell worked with an elite team at Marconi to develop [[RADAR]], a development which Churchill believed had a significant effect o…
… the flying boat firm at Cowes on the Isle of Wight, were given the contract, and the firm, under Cockerell's guidance, worked avidly on the 20ft craft dubbed the "flying saucer". @@{{adsense}}@@ …
SMS — 2023-10-04 10:30:06
…=== [[Communication]]:[[1900s]] Neil Papworth sent the first SMS (Short Message Service) on the 3 December 1992 while working as a developer for Sema Group Telecoms. The Text he sent was "Merry Christmas" to Richard Jarvis, a director at Voda…
WorldWideWeb — 2023-09-23 15:57:32
…p an information system that would create a web of information. Initially, his proposal received no reply, but he began working on his idea anyway. == HTTP == In 1990, he wrote the '''Hypertext Transfer Protocol''' (HTTP)—the language compu…
Vacuum Tube — 2023-09-23 15:57:19
…ention made possible or improved: ~[[Radio]] ~[[Television]] ~[[Radar]] ~Sound recording and reproduction ~Telephone networks, ~Analogue and Digital computers == War Needs == The outbreak of World War 2 was a key point in thermionic valve hi…
Telephone — 2023-09-23 15:57:07
…lips, and throat were positioned to make speech sounds. Graham, or "Aleck", as his family called him, was interested in working with the deaf throughout his life. He only attended school for five years; from the time he was 10 until he was 14,…
…Thomas Watson became an associate of Bell. He made parts and built models of Bell's inventions. One day while they were working Bell accidently heard the sound of a plucked reed * coming over the telegraph wire. Watson had been tuning the metal…
… his telephone. ---- == Patent race == >>{{image url="Agbell.jpg" title="Bell" width="200"}}>> He knew he would have to work quickly to get the patent * because other people were also trying to make an invention to transmit the human voice. E…
Telegraph — 2023-09-23 15:56:52
…death_date="8 August 1873" death_place="Battle" }} === Francis Ronalds 1816 === {{Toc}} /* event_date="1816" The first working electrical telegraph system. */ The first working electrical telegraph system was built by English inventor Francis …
…ew the telegraph in Mr Ronalds' garden. Charles Wheatstone was one of the outstanding academics of the 19th Century. He worked in his fathers music shop in Gloucester then in London developing musical instruments. His experiments with sound led…
…orse, a painter and electrical experimenter, sailed to Liverpool in May 1838 to see how the Cooke Wheatstone Telegraph worked. Morse was wanting to patent his own simple telegraphic apparatus in Europe. He could see that this system was more a…
Radio — 2023-09-23 15:56:24
…to transmit signals over a hill, a distance of approximately 1.5 miles. Finding little interest or appreciation for his work in Italy, Marconi traveled to London in early **1896** at the age of 21, accompanied by his mother, to seek support for…
… his work. Marconi also spoke fluent English. == 1896 == {{Image url="Marconi_plaque_London_1896.jpg" title="First radio transmi…
PIN — 2023-09-23 15:56:10
…1960’s saw the trend of employers to pay wages directly into the employees bank. Weekend closures of banks limited a working person’s access to their own accounts, and money. The banks needed a cash dispenser or ATM, to provide a weekend …
LCD — 2023-09-23 15:53:09
…hers that a thin layer of impure liquid crystal could be used to make a crude optoelectronic display but the DSM design worked poorly and proved to be too power hungry. /* RCA pioneered LCD but the displays were not usable. cyanobiphenyl is t…
…se were revealed to the world {{Datediff from="22/3/1973"}} years ago in a scientific publication on **22 March 1973**. Working in collaboration with scientists at the RRE, led by Peter Raynes, further compounds were synthesised and evaluated. …
Electric Generator — 2023-09-23 12:04:37
…ough, called a **Farday Disk**, lead the way for the modern electrical era we live in now. == Today == Because of his work the unit of capacitance is named after Michael Faraday. A **Farad** measures how much electric charge is accumulated o…
ATM — 2023-09-23 12:02:41
…ith the advent of bank cards with magnetic strips and [[PIN]] codes. In 2004 for his services to the industry, and his work on ATMs in particular, he was appointed **OBE.** == Of Note == Previous 'cash machines' like the 'Bankograph' were pr…
Toilet — 2023-09-08 09:57:11
…tion went on to produce a revenue of £1000 a year. Jennings was awarded a gold medal for this pioneering and essential work, when by the 1890s he had enriched public thoroughfares all over Britain. His firm's catalogue of 1895 listed 36 towns …
Winston Churchill — 2023-08-27 16:11:42
…ted to appease Germany and Hitler and famously waved a paper that he said promised peace. Churchill knew this would not work and warned the government that they needed to help fight Hitler or Germany would take over all of Europe. <<{{amazon …
YMCA — 2022-05-17 05:19:39
…ined glass window in Westminster Abbey, complete with a red triangle, is dedicated to Sir George and the YMCA work during the first World War. == New Sports == Because of the popularity of the YMCA there was a need to develop activi…
Crufts — 2022-05-03 17:14:00
…fts Winner" width="" }} ::c:: === Charles Cruft 1886 === Crufts was named after its founder, Charles Alfred Cruft, who worked as general manager for a dog biscuit manufacturer. Charles was born in 1852 Bloomsbury [[Sussex]], [[England]]. {{…
Microphone — 2021-11-07 21:26:04
…dward Hughes 1878 === ~-[[CategoryIndustry]]:[[Communication]]:[[Music]]:[[1800s]] Hughes invented the first practical working carbon microphone in 1878. David Edward Hughes was probably born in Corwen [[Wales]] in 1831. His family emigrated…
…e.png" class="left" title="Microphone" width="400" }} Hughes microphone technology became the principle way microphones work even today. {{Image url="Hughes_carbon_microphone.png" class="right" title="Hughes carbon microphone" width="" }} He d…
Television — 2021-11-06 16:35:18
…eath_place="Bexhill-on-Sea" }} Baird was a Scottish engineer, most famous for being the first person to demonstrate a working television. John Logie Baird was born on 14 August 1888 in Helensburgh on the west coast of [[Scotland]], the son o…
Hip Replacement — 2021-08-20 11:18:03
…{Toc}} The first successful Total hip arthroplasty (THA) was carried out by John Charnley in 1963. Before Sir John's work, there had been partial hip replacements, known as hemiarthroplasties. Sir John Charnley, tested materials in his own …
…legs to ensure they worked before implanting them in a patient. Sir John and his team had created a clean-air system to protect patients during …
…meone would be sent to go and collect the hips and the lymph nodes to correlate the facts and to see how the joints had worked during the years they had been in the body. == {{datediff from="1963" }} years on == The total hip replacement oper…
Heroin — 2021-08-20 11:14:28
…Charles Romley Alder Wright 1874 === ~-[[Medical]]:[[1800s]] Charles Wright first synthesized Diamorphine in 1874 while working at St. Mary's hospital in [[London]]. {{TOC}} Wright was searching for a nonaddictive alternative to the medicine m…
Titanic — 2021-08-20 11:12:19
…ar Line 1912 === Perhaps the most famous ship ever built by the White Star Line shipping company of Liverpool England. Work on Titanic started on 31 March 1909, one of three ships called the 'Olympic class'. These magnificent vessels were the …
Charlie Chaplin — 2021-08-20 11:11:51
…this did not provide enough income. Their father provided no support for his children causing Chaplin to be sent to the workhouse at the age of seven. {{image url="Charles_Chaplin_young.jpg" class="right" title="A young Charlie" width="240" }} …
… Chaplin spent his childhood going in and out of the workhouse as well as being educated by a range of charitable schools. In 1898, his mother was committed to a mental asylum d…
… by Petula Clark (1967), reached number one on the UK charts. Chaplin also received his only Oscar for his composition work, as the** Limelight theme** won an Academy Award for Best Original Score in 1973. …
Workmate — 2021-08-20 11:10:56
…t base of tradesmen. Slowly the demand increased. ::c:: == Lotus Car == Ron moved to [[London]] and in 1954 started working for the Ford Motor Company at Dagenham as a clay modeller and later he helped to style the **105E Ford Anglia**. Ro…
… **Lotus Elan**, as chief engineer for the car company. But this still did not impress any manufacturer to take on his Workmate, including Black & Decker, who consistently rejected his DIY help mate idea. {{Image url="Lotus-elan.jpg" width="40…
…0" class="right" title="Classic Lotus Elan designed by Ron Hickman" }} But after he began manufacturing the Workmate® workbench. It was an instant hit. Black & Decker saw the potential and took on exclusive rights of the Workmate in 1973 and…
… started production. To date more than '''60 Million''' Workmates have been sold. @@{{adsense}}@@ …
MRI Scan — 2021-08-20 11:04:59
…aging technique. {{Image url="MRI-Scanner.jpg" class="left" title="Modern MRI Scanner" width="" }} Sir Peter’s early work was in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), then being used to study the chemical structure of substances. He joined the D…
…epartment of Physics, University of Nottingham, in 1964, and by the early 1970s was working on the application of NMR to imaging that led directly to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). == Faster processing ==…
Cary Grant — 2021-08-20 10:57:47
…her was dead while, in fact, she had been committed to an institution by his father. His father, the son of a potter, worked as a tailor but was an alcoholic. {{Image url="CaryGrantPlaque.jpg" class="left" title="Cary Grant plaque in Hughend…
James Bond — 2021-08-20 10:49:07
…Geneva. He had briefly attended the Royal Military Academy at Sandhurst which he did not enjoy. == Reuters == He later worked at Reuters. This was a very enjoyable and successful period and he particularly relished covering a notorious espiona…
Antibiotics — 2021-08-20 10:41:08
…pact that penicillin did, Fleming started the Antibiotic era. == Penicillin == British scientist Alexander Fleming was working in his laboratory at St. Mary’s Hospital in [[London]] when almost by accident, he discovered a naturally growing …
Intraocular Lens — 2021-08-20 10:40:24
…ently inert, and caused no adverse reactions in the sensitive tissues of the eye. == After the War == Ridley began to work with John Pike, an optical scientist from Rayner, a lens company, in Hove, [[Sussex]]. He learned from Pike that **ICI…
IVF — 2021-08-16 10:02:09
…="left" title="Steptoe, Purdy and Edwards with first baby " width="250" }} == A Great Team == Both Steptoe and Edwards worked in the field of reproductive health before their collaboration in 1966, they were especially interested in problems o…
Vitamins — 2021-08-16 09:52:16
… could not conclude why, but on an unofficial level sailors knew consuming fruits kept them healthy. Lind published his work in 1753 in his //Treatise on the Scurvy//. This is why USA-nians call us **Limeys** (Limes) and maybe why Australians …
Stan Laurel — 2021-08-14 21:08:01
…ntomime and music hall. Developing his skills in comedic sketches. Laurel was a member of "Fred Karno's Army," where he worked alongside [[Charlie_Chaplin|Charlie Chaplin]]. Chaplin and Laurel arrived in the United States on the same ship from…
… Britain with the Karno troupe in 1916. Laurel worked briefly alongside Oliver Hardy in a silent film short **The Lucky Dog** (1921). Around the same time he adopted the s…
DNA — 2021-08-14 21:04:12
…1951''' by John Randall, of the Medical Research Council Biophysics Research Unit at '''King’s college, London''', to work on an x-ray picture of DNA taken by a graduate student Raymond Gosling, Wilkins assistant. In the November of 1951 Fran…
…eir first model of DNA. This was slightly unethical as they had a gentleman’s agreement that the team in London would work on DNA. Watson and Crick invited Franklin and Wilkins to view a DNA model that they had built. Franklin was furious and…
… tore the triple helix model to shreds. Crick and Watson were banned from working on DNA. Meanwhile Franklin and Wilkins got bogged down with calculations and obsessed in trying to determine whether…
Reflecting Telescope — 2021-08-14 20:51:21
…]]. Others had experimented with the idea of a reflecting telescope including James Gregory but had not manufactured a working version. Early telescopes, like those used by Galileo, consisted of glass lenses mounted in a tube. When the light f…
CT Scan — 2021-08-14 20:48:42
…ottinghamshire]], [[England]]. He perfected the **C**omputed **A**xial **T**omography scanner, CAT scan for short. He worked for **EMI** and became interested in computers. In 1958, he helped design the first commercially available all-trans…
Automatic Kettle — 2021-08-14 20:44:42
… found in regular domestic use, proving it not only to be a highly popular design, but a most durable one as well. == Working combination == {{Databox caption="Inventor" Image="Peter_Hobbs.jpg" Who="Peter Hobbs" width="250" birth_date="May 3…
…on Green, near Tunbridge Wells [[Kent]], [[England]], and educated at the Skinners' school, where he was keen on drama. Working from a rundown factory at Croydon, Russell took charge of developing new products while Hobbs concentrated on sales.…
Scouts — 2021-08-14 20:35:19
… of organisation was required to support these Scouts. >>{{amazon type="book" items="0192802461" }}>> == Worldwide network == {{Image url="Scout50p.jpg" class="right" width="200" title="Centenary year commemorative coin" }} There are now '''*…
Bovril — 2021-08-14 20:09:04
…ston. {{Image url="BovrilJar.jpg" class="left" title="Bovril Jar" width="300" }} === John Johnston 1870 === Johnston worked as a butcher in **Edinburgh**, he used surplus meat to make his own meat glaze or beef stock, by heating until it bec…
Fingerprints — 2021-08-14 20:06:49
…1833-1917) was one of the first to advocate the use of fingerprinting in the identification of criminal suspects. While working for the Indian Civil Service, he began to use thumbprints on documents as a security measure to prevent the repudiat…
…e="fingerprint" width="" }} Faulds wrote to [[Charles_Darwin|Charles Darwin]] with his method but, too old and ill to work on it, Darwin gave the information to his cousin, Francis Galton. Galton published a detailed statistical model of fin…
…as established in Calcutta (Kolkata), India, in 1897. The 'Henry Classification System', co-devised by Haque and Bose ( working under their supervisor, Sir Edward Richard Henry), was accepted in England and Wales when the first United Kingdom F…
Vibrator — 2021-08-14 19:48:28
…ge vibrator" width="200" }} == Media Links == The historical but largely fictional film **//Hysteria//** features a reworked history of the vibrator focusing on Dr. Granville's invention.…
Christmas Cracker — 2021-08-12 20:39:19
…London" death_date="13/3/1869" death_place="" }} === Tom Smith 1860 === ~-[[Tradition]]:[[1800s]] Tom Smith was a hard working confectioner always looking for ideas to further his business. On a trip to Paris in 1846 Tom discovered the “bon…
Antiseptic — 2021-08-12 20:38:14
…e accumulated blood stains on their unwashed operating gowns as a display of their experience. Lister was aware of the work by the French chemist, Louis Pasteur, showing the existence of micro-organisms. Lister conducted his own experiments …
…="right" title="Listerine Antiseptic" width="" }} In 1879, **Listerine** mouthwash was named after him for his tireless work. This is now popular in many parts of the world. Microorganisms named in his honour: pathogenic bacterial genus Lister…
Procter Gamble — 2021-08-12 20:35:23
…n [[Herefordshire]] [[England]]. /* event_date="7 December 1801" William Procter was born in England */ As a boy, he worked as general store apprentice candlemaker, learning to “dip candles”. Procter entered into business in the clothing…
Steel — 2021-08-12 20:31:45
…n. {{Image url="EiffelTower.jpg" class="left" title="Steel beams made Eiffel Tower possible" width="300" }} It was then worked with a forge hammer by the puddler before being rolled into sheets or rails. By 1860, there were over 3000 puddling f…
Baking Powder — 2021-08-12 20:27:52
… alkali and a weak acid, and is used for increasing the volume and lightening the texture of baked goods. Baking powder works by releasing carbon dioxide gas into a batter or dough through an acid-base reaction, causing bubbles in the wet mixtu…
Rubber — 2021-08-12 20:24:10
…prings for various types of clothing such as gloves and '''suspenders'''. The Hancock brothers then started an "elastic works" to manufacture items using the rubber springs. == Mastication == In 1820 Hancock invented his most important device…
…r in 1851 Charles Goodyear was awarded another patent for Improvement in the Manufacture of Indian Rubber. This was a reworking of the Hancock method. He later devised methods for 'producing moulded articles into any desired shape for the purpo…
Colgate — 2021-08-11 11:43:11
…o Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Colgate formed a partnership with Ralph Maher to manufacture soap and candles, and William worked with them. == Independence == {{Image url="ColgateToothpaste.jpg" class="left" title="Colgate Toothpaste" width="300…
…" }} Eventually relocating to New York City, he worked as a candle-maker, and in 1806 he went into business for himself, selling soap, candles, and starch. After several ye…
Sewing Machine — 2021-08-11 11:41:32
…in 1790. Thomas was a cabinet maker born in Greenhill Rents parish of St. Sepulchre [[London]], [[England]]. ::c:: == Working again == Many years later in 1874 a man named **William Newton Wilson** found the patent of Thomas’s machine. The…
…e he was able to rebuild it, and with slight amendments to the looper, he rebuilt Saints sewing machine, proving it did work. His replica is now exhibited in the Science Museum. == Modern Features == {{Image url="ThomasSaintSewingMachine.jpg" …
…a remarkable way. He built a replica of a Saint machine made from the drawings submitted with the patent. He proved it worked. He then booked space at the 1876 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia right next to the Howe exhibit. Thus visitors…
Adjustable Spanner — 2021-08-10 08:22:45
… both wrought and cast iron. In 1836 he was the Engineering Manager and partner in the Uley in [[Gloucestershire]] Iron Works with George Lister, also from Yorkshire. Clyburn's spanner design with open end jaws was pioneering.{{Image url="Clyb…
…="Clyburn Spanner head" width="200" }} It also featured //rack and worm// that he would have discussed with engineering work colleague [[Lawn_mower| Edwin Budding]]. Clyburn even produced a double ended adjustable spanner. == Longevity == {…
Lawn Mower — 2021-08-10 08:19:36
…s** in London [[Zoo]], in **1831**. It took another ten years and further innovations to create a machine that could be worked by donkey or horse power, and sixty years before a steam-powered lawnmower was built. == Links == [[https://www.theb…
…crew wrench' around **1842**, registered in 1843. An alternative //crest headed// adjustable spanner was developed by a work colleague **[[Adjustable_Spanner|Richard Clyburn]]** (Uley UK) in 1843. …
Nature Reserve — 2021-08-09 22:30:53
…re. Waterton was an early opponent of '''pollution'''. He fought a long-running court case against the owners of a soapworks which had been set up near his estate in 1839 that leaked out poisonous chemicals which severely damaged the trees in …
…the park and polluted the lake. He was eventually successful in having the soapworks moved. {{Image url="WaltonHall.jpg" class="right" title="Walton Hall" }} == The Bird Box == He also invented the '''b…
Light Bulb — 2021-08-09 21:56:27
…tion of a notebook that the judge might have determined showed that they were simply extending Sawyer’s (or Swan’s) work with carbon "burners" or "rods" in an evacuated glass bulb. (...) In fact, Edison and his team did not find a commerci…
…ally workable filament (bamboo) until more than 6 months after Edison filed the patent application Link to US espionage: http://…
…historynewsnetwork.org/article/155942 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ */ His home was the **first house in the world** to b…
Tarmac — 2021-08-09 21:38:37
…ired == In 1901 Hooley was walking in Denby in [[Derbyshire]] when he noticed a smooth stretch of road close to an ironworks. He asked locals what had happened and was told a barrel of tar had fallen off a dray (cart) and burst open. Someone …
Shire Horse — 2021-08-09 21:35:31
…="200" }} Both in commerce and agriculture Shire horses literally made the wheels of Britain's industry go round. They worked in fields, in towns, on docks and quays, on canal towpaths, for mills and railways. Their numbers ran into millions. …
Industrial Revolution — 2021-08-08 21:48:46
…an be visited to this day. Abraham Darby III took over the family business in the 1770s. As it grew, he attracted more workers with various measures. In times of food shortage, he bought up farms to grow food for his workers, built housing for…
Sparkling Wine — 2021-08-08 20:32:53
…nelm Digby invented the first wine bottle capable of withstanding the pressure of fermenting wine. Digby owned a glass works. His new manufacturing technique involved a coal furnace, made hotter than usual by the inclusion of a wind tunnel, an…
Plywood — 2021-08-08 18:44:16
…ter completed his 7-year training at the Naval Academy in Portsmouth. He developed a liking towards the constructional work of the navy. In 1780 he was sent by the First Lord of the Admiralty to visit various ports and dockyards in Northern E…
…and equipped a flotilla of ships. == Patents == In 1791 he returned to England and took out his first patent for wood-working machines for sawing, planing and block-making. In 1793 Bentham took out what has been called //"one of the most rem…
…arkable patents ever issued by the British Patents Office"//, because it automated the whole process of woodworking machinery for making blocks. A Pulley block, at this time, was one of the British Navy's biggest expense. One ship m…
Sunday School — 2021-08-08 18:39:06
… becoming proprietor of the **Gloucester Journal**. == Sweatshops == Before the Sunday School movement children would work 12 hours a day or longer in the mills and sweatshops 5 or 6 days a week. Raikes knew that the future was grim for these…
… children who had to work all the time with no hope of an education. And with no one to teach them the good news of the Lord. Several individual…
Salicylic acid — 2021-08-08 18:32:13
…ug. ^^"There are no countries in which it is unknown, unappreciated, or unavailable" Berton Roueché 1955^^ The drug works as a pain reliever because it blocks an enzyme that's required for the process of inflammatory response. Salicylic aci…
Vaccination — 2021-08-07 23:07:23
…mbly officially declared "the world and its peoples" free from endemic smallpox**. In 1977 Ali Maow Maalim, a hospital worker was the last person on Earth to catch smallpox. It is estimated that Jenner has saved more than 528 million lives. {…
Powered Flight — 2021-04-05 22:36:49
…"1888" }} Long before the **Wright brothers** aviation engineer and inventor Henson, born in Nottingham England, Henson worked in Chard lace-making business. In 1842 he designed a large passenger-carrying steam-powered monoplane, with a wing …
Float Glass — 2020-12-08 00:24:27
…the parallel surfaces of optical perfection to the finished product. == Pilkingtons process == Pilkingtons new process works by floating a piece of glass that has been rolled flat onto a bath of molten tin. The molten glass then flows unhinder…
Petroleum — 2020-12-03 01:07:44
…artnership under the title of **E.W. Binney & Co. at Bathgate** in West Lothian and **E. Meldrum & Co** at Glasgow. The works at Bathgate were completed in **1851** and became the first truly **commercial oil-works and oil refinery in the world…
Suffolk Punch — 2020-11-30 16:25:44
…t" title="Suffolk Punch" width="" }} === Suffolk 1586 === ~-[[Livestock]]:[[1500s]] The **Suffolk Punch** is a breed of work horse first mentioned in 1586. It takes its name from the county of [[Suffolk]] [[England]] and punch to describe its s…
…d solid build. The local farmers needed a draught horse with power, stamina, health, longevity, and docility for farm work. Genetics show that the Suffolk Punch is closely genetically grouped with the Fell and Dales British ponies and the E…
Railway — 2020-11-30 12:55:52
…o draw coal carts on metal rails, but after company director Edward Pease met Stephenson he agreed to change the plans. Work began in 1822, and in September 1825 Stephenson completed the first locomotive for the new railway: originally named Ac…
… was so successful that he was able to purchase Tapton House, near Chesterfield, in 1838. He invested in coalmines, ironworks, and quarries, and also experimented with animal husbandry and stock breeding. ---- Stephenson died on 12 August 184…
…8 in Chesterfield in Derbyshire. His only son Robert was also a railway engineer and worked with his father on many of his projects. {{image url="TrainFlyingScotsman.jpg" class="right" title="The Flying Scotsm…
… the British Empire colonies like India, Australia, Africa and Canada leapt at the railway opportunities and railway networks were built with the knowledge and expertise Britain had gained. And in the USA, not wanting to be left out, Horatio Al…
Underwater Tunnel — 2020-10-11 23:44:16
… Robert Vazie (b.1758) and Richard Trevithick (1771-1833) tried but water ingress and poor ground conditions led to the works being abandoned. == Advanced Tunnelling == {{Image url=" BrunelTunnellingShield.jpg" class="right" title=" Brunel Tun…
…uary 1818 Brunel patented a revolutionary **tunnelling shield** a major leap in tunnelling technology. This protected workers and improved safety of the tunnel collapsing. == Tunnel shafts == Work began in 1825 with the the building of the …
… both shafts were in position miners were hired from coal mines and the tunnel excavation began. During the building work in 1826 the assistant engineer fell ill and was replaced by Brunels son, Isambard Kingdom Brunel. {{Tag ids="Tunnel U…
Vacuum cleaner — 2020-10-11 23:24:10
…through the windows. It was originally powered by an oil engine, the electric motor was added later. The first cleaner worked out rather expensive at around £350. The bright red horse-drawn machine measured 4' 6" x 4' 10" x 3' 6" and the larg…
Silicone — 2020-09-22 23:25:26
…ilicone. Two ensuing world wars put his ideas on hold and he did not foresee the full potential commercial value of his work. This was taken up by Corning Glass who, with Dow Chemicals set up Dow-Corning Corporation to manufacture silicone pol…
Shakespeare — 2020-08-21 08:52:48
… “Bard of Avon” he wrote at least 37 plays and sonnets, and established the legendary Globe theater ::c:: === The Works === ""<center>"" |=| **Tragedies** |=| **Comedies **|=| **Histories** || || Antony and Cleopatra Coriolanus Hamlet Ju…
Stem Cells — 2020-08-17 17:30:21
…tp://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/564324_3 */ == Seeking the Pluripotent Cells == Kaufman left but Evans carried this work forward and isolated the embryonic stem cell of the early mouse embryo and established it in a cell culture. He geneti…
…cally modified and implanted it into adult female mice with the intent of creating genetically modified offspring, work for which he was awarded the **Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine** in recognition of his work in **2007**. == Ste…
Pop Rivet — 2020-08-17 14:41:51
…d access to both sides of the assembly making it a very labour intensive, time consuming task. The "Pop" rivet freed up workers and increased production. This was particularly useful in Aircraft manufacture. == Naval and Aircraft == Wylie was…
Hydraulics — 2020-08-17 13:24:35
…in 1845 set in motion a scheme to provide piped water from distant reservoirs to the households of **Newcastle**. This worked well, so well there was excess water pressure in the lower part of town. Armstrong convinced the authorities this ex…
TV Black and White Kiss — 2020-08-17 09:07:45
…s ambitions for her only son and is mortified when he starts seeing Terry - not because she's white but because she's a working class Cockney. [[http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/537722/index.html| BFI]] == Live Broadcast == The drama was …
Cyclonic Vacuum Cleaner — 2020-08-15 09:18:21
…ogged the dust bag blocking the airflow, so that suction dropped rapidly. He thought he could improve this and set to work to solve this problem. Five years and 5,127 prototypes later, the world's first cyclonic bagless vacuum cleaner arrived…
…ent two years looking for someone to license his Dual Cyclone™ product. Dyson had to turn to Japan where he began to work with a company on his invention and in 1986 start to sell the G-Force. It was only available on the Japanese market and…
Jet Engine — 2020-08-15 08:35:25
…Image url="Gloster_E28-39.jpg" class="left" title="Gloster Meteor E.28/39" }} Gloster's chief designer, George Carter, worked closely with Whittle to design a plane. The engine was built from various test parts and they called it the W.1X, wh…
Disc Brakes — 2020-08-09 19:54:18
…icle disc brake in 1902. == Car Enthusiast == In 1889.Lanchester joined the "Forward Gas Engine Co" in Birmingham and worked there until 1892. He was fascinated by the Benz automobile that he saw at the 1889 Paris Exhibition. This led onto p…
Plastic Surgery — 2020-08-06 08:24:01
…c surgery. A New Zealander who studied medicine in Cambridge, England later he joined the Royal Army Medical Corps and worked as a medical minder during the Great War where he experienced pioneering skin grafts on wounded soldiers. {{Image u…
Gravity — 2020-08-06 08:19:13
…t. That is why the apple fell down instead of up, and why people don’t float in the air. Isaac Newton explained the workings of the universe through mathematics. He formulated laws of motion and gravitation. These laws are math formulas tha…
Greenwich Meridian — 2020-08-06 08:03:21
…set these clocks to the local time, Greenwich Mean Time. Flamsteed’s catalogue of stars become the standard reference work for plotting star positions based on Greenwich time. Nevil Maskelyne, Astronomer Royal 1765 to 1811, processed Flam…
Charles Darwin — 2020-08-06 07:52:58
…adapted over time and to their environment. Charles Darwin was not the first to propose a theory of evolution but his work was so compelling it could not be ignored. == Links == [[http://darwin-online.org.uk]]…
Monty Python — 2020-08-06 07:48:50
…= Nearly Lost == In 1971, Terry Jones was informed by the BBC that, due it's cost-cutting procedure at the time, the network was about to erase all of the original Monty Python tapes. Thankfully Jones and the Pythons found a way to preserve the…
Obstetrical Forceps — 2020-06-28 13:29:13
…erlens had migrated to England in 1569 to escape the religious violence in France. From his roots as a barber-surgeon working in London, he became the Royal obstetrician-surgeon during the reign of King Charles I. With his brother they pione…
Paternoster — 2018-09-18 13:06:34
…e of finest and most influential architectural design of its age. One of the first office buildings to use an iron framework structure, its innovative design had a considerable influence on office buildings across the world, inspiring John Root…
Emergency Telephone Number — 2017-07-06 10:16:06
… fire or ambulance was the recommended method from 1927. The **General Post Office** (GPO), which ran the telephone network, proposed a three digit number. Initially, each 999 call triggered flashing red lights and hooters to alert exchange o…
Theodolite — 2017-07-05 08:57:22
…ope, or the refracting telescope as part of his theodolite to improve the accuracy over long distances of his surveying works. As referenced in his 1591 book //Pantometria//. …
Banksy — 2017-06-19 21:04:17
…ksy whose identity remains 'unknown' is a street artist from Bristol [[Gloucestershire ]] [[England]]. His stenciled artwork is characterized by clever striking images, often combined with slogans. His work often involves political themes, sati…
…mage url="Banksy_mobile_lovers.jpg" class="right" title="Banksy mobile lovers" width="300" }} === Bristol 1974 === His work is now very sought after commanding huge sums of money. Causing squabbles over who owns the images when they mysterious…
Meccano — 2017-05-14 01:23:25
…oy, they had two sons, Roland and Douglas, and a daughter, Patricia. Hornby began experimenting with ideas in his home workshop making toys for his sons in **1899** with pieces he cut from sheet metal. == Dad and Toys == He built models of br…
…. His employer saw potential in what Hornby was doing and offered him some vacant premises next to the office where he worked to pursue his ideas. With this move, Elliot and Hornby became partners. ::c:: == Into Production == {{Image url="Mec…
Beatrix Potter — 2016-07-23 14:22:52
…nerations since its publication. It is based on the true story of a Gloucester tailor, **John Pritchard**, who came to work one morning to discover a waistcoat - almost finished - with a note saying "no more twist" pinned to it. In May 1894 w…

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