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Elevator — 2023-12-30 12:44:08
…a in 1828, Hornor fled soon after settling in New York around 1829 where Elisha Otis lived. He died in penury (extreme poverty) in 1844. The Colosseum was demolished in 1874 after being visited by over 1 million people! == Teagle == {{Image u…
…shifter to change travel direction. A hand brake is in evidence. This basic system remained the principle for lifts for over 50 years. == Links == [[http://www.victorianlondon.org/entertainment/colosseum.htm|Victorian London]]…
Split the Atom — 2023-10-10 00:05:57
…cle accelerator in 1929. Rutherford had split the atom in Manchester more than ten years before. He wanted more control over the particles used to penetrate nuclei. He directed Cockcroft and Walton to build a high voltage machine he called for …
…in's law** (E = mc2). Cockcroft and Walton received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1951. == Birth of a Bomb == The discovery of **Nuclear Fission** led to many types of experiments, not least, the **Atom Bomb**. {{Tag ids="Nuclear atom power v…
Carbonated water — 2023-10-09 23:52:55
…oseph Priestly (who went on to isolate oxygen) was the first to artificially carbonate water by hanging a filled vessel over a fermentation vat at a brewery in Leeds. Fermentation vats naturally give off CO2 in the process of converting sugars…
FAX — 2023-10-09 23:52:19
… scanning of a message. He attached a stylus that was an electrically conductive to the swinging pendulum. Every swing over a conductive surface was reproduced at the receiver. {{Image url="FAX-Machine.jpg" class="left" title="FAX Machine" wid…
Glastonbury Festival — 2023-10-09 23:45:46
…s decided to host the **Pilton Pop Festival** in 1970 that became the **Glastonbury Festival**. == First Festival == Over the past {{datediff from="1970"}} years, starting with a crowd of 1500, Glastonbury now draws over **170,000** each sum…
…== Facts == {{Image url="GlastonburyFestival.jpg" class="left" title="Glastonbury Festival" width="400" }} Glastonbury covers a huge** 900 acres**, the equivalent of over 500 football pitches. There are least** 60 stages **on site and eight mil…
Modern Farming — 2023-10-09 23:44:30
…oved technique == A hole for the seed would be made at a proper depth. The seed would be dropped in. The hole would be covered over by a harrow (a trailing bar), which gathered soil and evenly deposited it over the seeds. The machine, horse or …
Phototherapy — 2023-10-09 23:41:51
…Phototherapy :: {{Databox caption="Discoverer" Image="Richard-Cremer.jpg" Who="Richard Cremer" width="400" birth_date="Jan 4 1925" birth_place="Blean" death_date="…
…ichard Cremer 1956 === ~-[[CategoryScience]]: [[Medical]]: [[1900s]] Dr Cremer , with the help of Sister J Ward, discovered that sunlight could cure **jaundice** at the Rochford General Hospital in [[Essex]]. {{toc}} == Sister Ward == Ward…
…ide. When she returned to the unit, the baby was a pale yellow except for a small bright yellow section which had been covered up by the baby’s sheet. The nurse suggested it had been caused by the sun, but her suggestion was not taken very se…
Cat Eyes — 2023-10-09 23:39:36
…cat's eye" that in 1965 he was rewarded with an '''**OBE**''' for services to exports. Eventually, their use spread all over the world. == Life Saver == Shaw’s invention is credited with having saved many millions of people from death or inj…
Webcam — 2023-10-09 11:44:50
…ine from the Trojan Room. As the web gained popularity the system was modified to make the coffee pot images available over HTTP and thus became the first webcam.…
Mayday — 2023-10-08 00:53:45
…nternational distress call 'Mayday' was devised by Mockford 1923. Pilots needed a clear panic call. Calling out 'SOS' over early radio communication was easily lost in transmission. Frederick was the senior radio officer at Croydon Airport i…
Steam Engine — 2023-10-08 00:19:36
…er published designs for, and may have installed, a steam-powered engine for pumping water at Vauxhall House. ::c:: == Over to France == {{Image url="MorlandPortrait.jpg" width="" class="right" title="Sir Samuel Morland 1625 - 1695" }} In abou…
Radar — 2023-10-08 00:18:51
… out. By the start of World War II 19 were ready to play a key part in the Battle of Britain, and by the end of the war over 50 had been built. The Germans were aware of the construction of Chain Home but were not sure of their purpose. They te…
…y the Pearl Harbor attack. == Recognition == It is, without doubt, that RADAR gave the British the element of surprise over the Germans during WWII and without it the consequences don't bare thinking about. His contributions to the war effort …
…were so overwhelming that he was knighted in 1942. In 1952 he was awarded **£50,000** by the British government for his contributions in the development of radar. He spent much of the post-war era in Canada, and later the USA …
Hovercraft — 2023-10-07 09:48:35
…nd a pair of kitchen scales. This led to the first hovercraft to be produced commercially, the SRN1. == Floating on Air == Christopher Cockerell's idea was not a new one. Man…
…dable' craft but commercial backing held them back. Cockerell's design was the first to build a vehicle that could move over the ground and water, floating on a layer of air. This would reduce friction between the surface and the vehicle. ^^"Th…
…h company until 1935 and then for the Marconi Wireless Telegraph company from 1935 until 1951. {{Image url="PrototypeHovercraft.jpg" class="left" title="Cockerell Prototype Hovercraft" width="450" }} == Family Finance == He had an enormous ca…
…, friend of Bernard Shaw and T.E. Lawrence, literary executor of Thomas Hardy, called him simply "**grandfather of the hovercraft**".) == War Years == During the war years Cockerell worked with an elite team at Marconi to develop [[RADAR]], a…
Anaesthetic — 2023-10-04 16:27:18
…eath_date="6/5/1870" death_place="Edinburgh" }} Chloroform was first synthesized around 1830. In 1842 Robert Mortimer Glover discovered its anaesthetic properties on animals. Simpson was the first to demonstrate the safe anaesthetic effect of c…
Aluminium — 2023-10-04 16:04:17
…hemist born in Penzance, [[Cornwall]] [[England]], discovered that aluminium could be isolated by electrolytic reduction from alumina (aluminium oxide). The name **Aluminium** was…
Bob Hope — 2023-09-26 16:57:28
…fornia" }} [[Entertainment]]== Bob Hope 1903 == Comedian, actor, singer, dancer, athlete, and author. Hope appeared in over 70 films. **Leslie Townes "Bob" Hope** was born at 44 Craigton Road, Eltham, a suburb of South [[London]],** [[England]…
English Bible — 2023-09-25 23:57:13
…te="6/10/1536" death_place="Netherlands" }} Tyndale’s New Testament was the first to be printed in English. Those discovered owning them were punished. At first only the books were destroyed, but soon heretics would be burned. Although the O…
…t of Greek the official language of the medieval Church was Latin - the language of the Roman Empire. Christians were governed from Rome by the Pope during medieval times. Church services were conducted in Latin throughout the Christian worl…
WorldWideWeb — 2023-09-23 15:57:32
…rote the '''Hypertext Transfer Protocol''' (HTTP)—the language computers would use to communicate hypertext documents over the Internet and designed a scheme to give documents addresses on the Internet. Berners-Lee called this address a '''Un…
Telephone — 2023-09-23 15:57:07
…imself had the disease and his father moved the family to Canada looking for a better climate in which to live. Bell recovered from the disease. Two years later he went to Boston to open a school for teachers of the deaf and then became a prof…
…models of Bell's inventions. One day while they were working Bell accidently heard the sound of a plucked reed * coming over the telegraph wire. Watson had been tuning the metal reeds in the next room. Bell drew up a plan for the telephone and …
Radio — 2023-09-23 15:56:24
…rate the existence of electromagnetic waves in an experiment confirming Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism. This discovery became known as "Hertzian waves" (radio waves). == 1894 == British physicist Oliver Lodge transmitted and received "…
… and six Marconi was brought up by his mother in the English town of Bedford. In Italy he was able to transmit signals over a hill, a distance of approximately 1.5 miles. Finding little interest or appreciation for his work in Italy, Marconi t…
…ntre in 1896. On {{Datetext event_date="13 May 1897", text="Marconi sent the world's first ever wireless communication over open sea." }} The experiment witnessed a message transversed over the Bristol Channel from Flat Holm Island to Lavernoc…
PIN — 2023-09-23 15:56:10
…entifying the individual, and providing them with their money on demand. UK Patent No. 1,197,183 dated of May 2 1966, covers this invention. It is also covered by US Patent No.3,905,461. == Automated Teller Machine == The PIN, or Personal Id…
Lithium-ion Battery — 2023-09-23 15:53:22
…ology]]:[[1900s]] British chemist M. Stanley Whittingham started researching lithium battery in the early 1970s. He discovered how to store lithium ions using titanium(IV) sulphide and lithium metal as the electrodes. He discovered the interc…
…attery has made pocket mobile phones a reality. A small compact rechargeable battery cell that can be reused many times over. Electric cars with long range now a reality. …
LCD — 2023-09-23 15:53:09
…up by Cyril Hilsum at the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE) in **Malvern** [[Worcestershire]], to explore whether the discovery by US researchers that a thin layer of impure liquid crystal could be used to make a crude optoelectronic display but …
…s were not usable. cyanobiphenyl is the key in modern LCD */ Concurrently, in 1971, researchers in Switzerland had discovered a new display mechanism, the Twisted Nematic effect. This was a pure field-effect and did not require the presence of…
…ned length at the other. == Cyanobiphenyl Compounds == Three of these cyanobiphenyl compounds were liquid crystalline over a narrow interval at around room temperature and these were revealed to the world {{Datediff from="22/3/1973"}} years a…
Electric Motor — 2023-09-23 15:52:02
…demonstrated his homopolar motor in 1821, physicists were excited to make the electric motor a useful, stronger device. Over the next few years several inventors made magnetic rotating devices including Rev. William Ritchie. In 1830, Sturgeon …
…nometer == He also invented the first suspended coil galvanometer, a device for measuring current. Sturgeon died in poverty and is buried in an overlooked Prestwich grave, whose stone simply refers to him as "**The Electrician**".…
Electric Generator — 2023-09-23 12:04:37
…round a magnet. The Homopolar motor. In 1831, using his "induction ring", Michael Faraday made one of his greatest discoveries - electromagnetic induction: the "induction" or generation of electricity in a wire by means of the electromagnetic …
…e. The induction ring was the **first electric transformer**. /* In a second series of experiments in September he discovered magneto-electric induction: the production of a steady electric current. To do this, Faraday attached two wires throu…
…age url="FaradayDiskGenerator.jpg" class="left" title="Faraday Disk Generator" width="" }} In 1831 Michael Faraday discovered the operating principle of electromagnetic generators. The horseshoe-shaped magnet (A) created a magnetic field thro…
…uch electric charge is accumulated on the capacitor. It's hard to imagine how we would cope today without Faraday's discoveries. Thousands of motors all around us make everyday chores so much easier. ||{{image url="Modern_Electric_Motor.jpg" …
Digital Photography — 2023-09-23 12:04:21
…ace="" }} === Michael Tompsett 1972 === ~-[[Technology]]:[[1900s]] The first digital colour image, as featured on the cover of //Electronics Magazine//, was taken by physicist and inventor Michael Francis Tompsett in **1972.** Tompsett was a…
…or night-vision, by firefighters to see through smoke, and for other search-and-rescue and civilian uses worldwide. == Overseas == Tompsett moved to Bell Laboratories USA in 1969 to develop solid-state cameras. Shortly after joining, Boyle an…
Bouncing bomb — 2023-09-23 12:03:28
… an amazing original weapon, 133 men and just 19 Lancasters heading out in darkness at night, flying at tree-top height over enemy territory, aiming a bouncing bomb at German dams.…
Worcestershire Sauce — 2023-09-18 19:06:46
… William Henry Perrins (1793-1867), two [[Worcestershire]] chemists, were asked by **Lord Marcus Sandys**, the former governor to **Bengal**, to create a fish sauce from a recipe that he had grown to like in India. {{{toc}}} As they were chemi…
… according to the English formula. == Round Bottle == **Lea & Perrins Worcestershire Sauce** soon became popular all over the world and as the business grew so did the premises. By **1865** Lea & Perrins gave up the pharmacy side of the bus…
…age url="PlaqueLeaPerrins.jpg" class="right" title="Lea and Perrins Blue Plaque" width="300" }} == History == Lea took over a pharmacy in Broad Street, Worcester and employed Perrins as his apprentice. They decided to go into partnership in 18…
Toilet — 2023-09-08 09:57:11
…Retiring Rooms' by installing the first flushing public toilets in the Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition of 1851; over 827,000 people paid attendants one penny to use the 'Wash-rooms'. His installation went on to produce a revenue of £10…
…awarded a gold medal for this pioneering and essential work, when by the 1890s he had enriched public thoroughfares all over Britain. His firm's catalogue of 1895 listed 36 towns and 'many others' where these public conveniences were installed,…
…rd 1870 === >>{{image url="Twyford_thos.jpg" title="Thomas Twyford " }}>> Thomas William Twyford (1849-1921)born in Hanover Street, Hanley, Stoke-on-Trent, was a Pottery manufacturer in England. By 1870, Thomas Twyford's improved version of th…
Winston Churchill — 2023-08-27 16:11:42
…y and Hitler and famously waved a paper that he said promised peace. Churchill knew this would not work and warned the government that they needed to help fight Hitler or Germany would take over all of Europe. <<{{amazon type="book" items="08…
…arty Labour politician Hugh Dalton said Churchill was 'the only man we have for this hour'. This view was shared by the overwhelming majority of the British people. As Germany invaded Europe Churchill used his negotiating skills to forge an all…
Lava Lamp — 2022-08-29 08:39:00
… up a laboratory in a small shed he mixed together various ingredients in bottles of different shapes and sizes. He discovered the best container for the job was a Lucozade bottle and it is that shape that has defined the shape of Astro Lamps u…
Police — 2022-05-20 08:52:50
…Police. He set about organising and recruiting the force. He appointed three sergeants and six police constables. They oversaw. 68 unpaid citizen police officers or watchmen who wore long brown coats with their personal numbers painted on thei…
…after their founder, and wore a dark blue '''long coat''' and a '''tall hat''' which they could use to stand on to look over walls, a pair of '''handcuffs''' and a '''wooden rattle''' to raise the alarm. By the 1880s this rattle was replaced by…
Cambridge Cream — 2022-05-20 08:48:45
…sp of the sugar until they are thick and pale yellow. Remove the cream from the heat, allow to cool slightly, then pour over the egg yolks in a steady stream, whisking constantly. Transfer this mixture to an ovenproof dish or individual rameki…
…of hours. A couple of hours before serving, preheat the grill to its highest temperature. Sprinkle the remaining sugar over the top of the cream, coating the surface evenly and thickly. Place under the grill as close to the heat as possible an…
British Empire — 2022-05-20 08:45:03
… === The British Empire 1497 === [[Society]] :[[1400s]] The British empire was the **largest **empire in history, it covered more than **13,000,000 square miles** (13 million or 33.7Km2), which is approximately a **quarter** of the Earth’…
Rotating Boat Lift — 2022-05-03 17:19:08
… of the Forth and Clyde Canal. Prior to the wheel’s construction, the two canals were linked by a flight of 11 locks over 115 ft difference in height, it required 3,500 tonnes of water per run and took most of a day to pass through the fligh…
… class="right" title="Falkirk Wheel Animation" width="" }} The wheel, designed by British architect Tony Kettle, has an overall diameter of 115 feet and consists of two opposing arms taking the shape of a Celtic-inspired, double-headed axe. Th…
KitKat — 2022-05-03 17:00:51
…th="350" title="Original wrapper" }} ~-[[CategoryFood Food]]:[[1900s]] === Rowntree 1935 === **Rowntree**'s chocolate covered wafer bar was first introduced in [[England]] in 1935 and was renamed #%KitKat#% in 1937. The best selling chocolate …
…le="War-time issue Kitkat " }} It was changed to a blue wrapper in 1945, when it was produced with a plain chocolate covering due to shortages of milk after the war. It reverted back to red in 1947 when the standard milk chocolate KitKat was …
…% KitKat #% fingers are eaten each year from 14 factories around the globe. The original factory in York alone produces over 4 million bars a day. So why not ‘Have a Break’ have a KitKat! {{Image src="Kitkat4finger.png" title="Modern look…
HomePage — 2022-05-03 16:49:56
…HomePage :: @@====British Inventions and Discoveries====@@ {{Picturegrid grid="5"}} ::c:: @@Many of the wonders of modern living are thanks to great British Inventors. …
…ream and fulfilled it.@@ **This is a salute to the British Inventors and their Inventions, Creations and Creators, Discoveries and Innovations as well as Great Britons that changed the World and the way we live.** @@{{countpages}} pages.@@ …
Television — 2021-11-06 16:35:18
…onstrate ultra-short wave transmission. == Live Sport == In 1927 Baird transmitted a long-distance television signal over 438 miles of telephone line between London and Glasgow. He then set up the Baird Television Development Company Ltd, wh…
Richard Burton — 2021-08-29 20:21:34
…Maude (née Thomas), died on 31 October 1927 at age 44 after giving birth to her **13th** child. He went on to star in over 70 Hollywood movies and is another great actor who never received an Oscar. He is remembered for is multiple marriages…
Heroin — 2021-08-20 11:14:28
…pital in [[London]]. {{TOC}} Wright was searching for a nonaddictive alternative to the medicine morphine and soon discovered a more potent version of morphine by boiling anhydrous morphine alkaloid with acetic anhydride. == Effective == Cha…
Concorde — 2021-08-20 11:08:12
…00" }} Concorde is the only successful turbojet-powered **supersonic** passenger jet airliner. With a maximum speed at over **twice the speed of sound** at Mach 2.04 or 1,354 mph at cruise altitude. First flown in **1969**, Concorde entered s…
…6 minutes**. Development for Concorde started in 1956 and it was still operational in 2003! Truly amazing. ::c:: == Flyover == {{Image url="ConcordeCliftonBridge.jpg" class="right" title="Concorde over Clifton Bridge" width="400" }} <<{{amazon…
Paralympic Games — 2021-08-20 10:59:53
…"Tanni.jpg" class="left" title="Tanni Grey Thompson" }} Paralympic games has grown from around 400 athletes in Rome to over 3,900 athletes from 164 countries in London in 2012. …
Cary Grant — 2021-08-20 10:57:47
… death_place="" }} == Archibald Alexander Leach == ~-[[Entertainment]]:[[1900s]] Hollywood actor Cary Grant starred in over 70 films. === Bristol England 1904 === Actor Cary was born **'Archie Leach'** on January 18, 1904 at 15 Hughenden Road…
Four-minute Mile — 2021-08-20 10:55:12
… minute mile" width="500" }} The starting gun was fired at 6 p.m. Bannister was aided by Chris Brasher. Bannister took over the lead and passed an unofficial timekeeper at the 1,500-metre mark in 3 minutes 43 seconds, equaling the world’s re…
Miss World — 2021-08-20 10:50:22
…t the Miss World show in 1959. It became one of the the most popular shows in Britain. The pageant is now broadcast in over 140 countries. Eric Morley died in 2000 and his wife Julia became the chairwoman of the Miss world organization. As t…
James Bond — 2021-08-20 10:49:07
…== Reuters == He later worked at Reuters. This was a very enjoyable and successful period and he particularly relished covering a notorious espionage trial in Russia. Ian Fleming's first biographer, John Pearson, has identified 15 January 1952…
…fficial 007 series is the '''longest running''' and '''most successful movie franchise''' in history. Spanning 26 films over a 50 year period. {{Image url="Drnono.jpg" class="left" title="Promotion for Dr No. Sean Connery as James Bond" }} Sea…
Antibiotics — 2021-08-20 10:41:08
… Alexander Fleming was working in his laboratory at St. Mary’s Hospital in [[London]] when almost by accident, he discovered a naturally growing substance that could attack certain bacteria. Fleming observed colonies of the common** Staphyloc…
…id: "When I woke up just after dawn on September 28, 1928, I certainly didn't plan to revolutionise all medicine by discovering the **world's first antibiotic**, or bacteria killer," Fleming would later say, "But I suppose that was exactly what…
…**1941**, they found that even low levels of penicillin cured very serious infections, it saved many lives. For his discoveries, Alexander Fleming won the **Nobel Prize** in Physiology and Medicine. == A True Life Saver == With the success of …
Intraocular Lens — 2021-08-20 10:40:24
…t in//'; ~ and '//the operation demanded surgical skills on such a level that success would always be doubtful.//' == Overseas == As early as 1952 he would fly to New York or Washington at weekends, operate there, and return to his London pr…
Vitamins — 2021-08-16 09:52:16
…[[CategoryScience]]::[[Medical]]:[[1900s]] {{Databox width="260" Image="WilliamFletcher.jpg" Who="William Fletcher" Discovered="Vitamins" birth_date=" 11 October 1872" death_date="18 September 1938" class="right" }} **William Fletcher** was bor…
…07 report on Berberi" width="400" }} Doctor Fletcher was researching the causes of the disease **Beriberi** when he discovered that eating unpolished rice prevented Beriberi and eating polished rice did not. William Fletcher believed that there…
Stan Laurel — 2021-08-14 21:08:01
… 1927, Laurel and Oliver Hardy teamed up. Together, the two men began producing many short films and become popular all over the world. {{Image url="LaurelHardy.jpg" class="left" title="Laurel Hardy" width="400" }} …
DNA — 2021-08-14 21:04:12
…oxyribonucleic Acid == ~-[[CategoryScience]]::[[Medical]]:[[1900s]] >>{{image url="Dna.jpg" width="300" title="DNA discovery visualization" }}>> DNA is the molecule that contains the **genetic code** of all animals and plants and on the 28 Feb…
… in Cambridge, **Francis Crick** interrupted the patrons' lunchtime to announce that he and **James Watson** had **"discovered the secret of life"**. /* event_date="28 February 1953" The discovery of DNA */ {{{toc}}} === Crick Watson Franklin…
Scouts — 2021-08-14 20:35:19
…rom the besieging Boer troops, the first real British triumph in the **Boer War**. When he returned to England, he discovered that many boys and young men were avidly reading his book '**Aids to Scouting**'. This book was intended as a militar…
…'' with internationally recognised National Scout Organizations. The scouts number more than ''**'28 million**''', with over 5 million in the **USA** alone, truly amazing. == Top Seller == The book '''Scouting for Boys''' is now in fourth pl…
Modern Olympics — 2021-08-14 20:26:14
…were a mixture of old Greek style athletics and local sports such as football and cricket. By 1851 competitors from all over the West Midlands were attending and by the end of the decade the event was a fixture on the local calendar. In 1859 Br…
…lf petitioned the Greek authorities to revive an international games but internal strife within the country led to the government of the day politely declining his overtures. He received support in the Greek newspaper **Clio**, in 1881 printed …
Ice Cream Cone — 2021-08-14 20:22:38
…gested using liquid nitrogen to make ice cream, now the //in-thing//. She fell from a horse in 1904 and never fully recovered. She died in Pinner and was cremated at Golders Green . …
Photography — 2021-08-14 19:57:18
…hod to achieve this. Using various chemicals he was able to capture images with long exposures. But by accident, he discovered that there was an image after a very short exposure. Although it could not be seen, he found he could chemically spe…
Football — 2021-08-14 19:52:33
…sion and captain of **Barnes Football Club** that he formed in 1858. He wrote to 'Bell's Life Newspaper' proposing a governing body for the sport that led to the first meeting. He wanted a common set of rules so that clubs from all over the …
Vibrator — 2021-08-14 19:48:28
… in [[London]], [[England]] 1833. == Hysteria == The "**pelvic massage**" was a common treatment of female hysteria (//overwhelming or unmanageable emotional excess in the womb//) in Great Britain during the Victorian Era. This manipulation w…
Dinosaur — 2021-08-12 20:42:55
… {{Image url="Megalosaurus.jpg" class="left" title="Megalosaurus" width="" }} Although dinosaur fossils were being discovered in Britain, and around the world, these prehistoric reptiles did not receive their famous name until 1842. == Dinos…
…ally named dinosaur is **Megalosaurus** it was a large Theropod dinosaur and was the** first dinosaur skeleton ever discovered**. It was discovered by William Buckland in the 1824. However, **Richard Plot** had discovered this dinosaur's femur,…
Christmas Cracker — 2021-08-12 20:39:19
…h was a hard working confectioner always looking for ideas to further his business. On a trip to Paris in 1846 Tom discovered the “bon-bon” sugared almond, wrapped in a twist of tissue paper. He added a motto inside the sweet and had mode…
…ulled apart. == The cracker is born == {{Image url="TomSmithCrackerPoster.jpg" class="left" title="Tom Smith Cracker cover from 1906.\nSanta before Coca-Cola invented him!" width="400" }} Eureka! Now it all came together. The tube to hold the…
…ct when two people pulled it apart with cracking sound. By 1900 the company were producing 13 million crackers a year. Over the next few years his idea evolved and grew and he moved from his original premises in Clerkenwell, East [[London]], […
Steel — 2021-08-12 20:31:45
… }} It was then worked with a forge hammer by the puddler before being rolled into sheets or rails. By 1860, there were over 3000 puddling furnaces in Britain, but the process was slow. == The Process == The Bessemer converter is a cylindrical…
…an expanding society and shrinking the nation. The availability of cheap, durable steel rails allowed pioneers to build over 30,000 miles of railroad and colonise the western part of the country. Sheet steel could now be used in consumer produ…
Rubber — 2021-08-12 20:24:10
…ally associated with Charles Goodyear, but the process was being used and was patented before Mr Goodyear made his 'discovery'. Thomas Hancock (1786-1865) was born at Marlborough in [[Wiltshire]], [[England]], the third of twelve children of a…
Sewing Machine — 2021-08-11 11:41:32
…homas Saint Sewing Machine" width="450" }} **Saint’s** device had many features of today's sewing machines. It had an overhead arm to take the stitching awl and a tensioning system. The awl pierced the material and a forked rod carried the th…
…moved to the next stitching place. The cycle would then be repeated, so locking the stitch. /* By the time of this discovery others, like Singer, had become millionaires from patents which, if Saint's machine had been discovered earlier, would…
Match — 2021-08-09 22:35:30
…of sulphide of antimony, chlorate of potash, and gum, the sulphur serving to communicate the flame to the wood. He discovered that if he let them dry, he could start a fire by striking the stick anywhere. {{Image url="JohnWalkerLights.jpg" cla…
Chocolate Bar — 2021-08-09 22:11:02
…ve the chocolateers more time and energy to improve the product to the confectionery candy bar that is now consumed all over the world. {{Image src="Chocolatebar.jpg" class="left" width="200" }} {{Image url="ChocolateLips.jpg" class="right" ti…
Wellington Boot — 2021-08-09 21:58:54
… Boots" width="200" }} Arthur Wellesley was born in Dublin [[Ireland]] of Anglo-Irish descent. After his great victory over Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in **1815**, Wellington became a British hero and a somewhat fashion icon with peopl…
Light Bulb — 2021-08-09 21:56:27
…ents in an evacuated glass bulb. By **1860 **he was able to demonstrate a working device, and obtained a **UK patent** covering a partial vacuum, carbon filament incandescent lamp. However, the lack of a good vacuum and an adequate electric sou…
Can — 2021-08-09 21:53:19
… changed food preservation with his sterilized and sealed tin food cannister. A Frenchman named Nicolas Appert had discovered he could preserve food by heating it and sealing it in glass containers which excluded air. Durand thought a metal co…
…y few kitchen cupboards are without tin cans of food of all sorts including soup, beans, vegetables, fruit and more all over the world. Many **billions** of cans are sold every year throughout the world and best of all, it's **recyclable!** {{D…
…*Henry Evans** invents a machine that can manufacture tin cans at a rate of sixty (60) per hour, a significant increase over the previous rate of only six per hour.…
Tarmac — 2021-08-09 21:38:37
…a barrel of tar had fallen off a dray (cart) and burst open. Someone had poured waste slag from the nearby furnaces to cover up the mess. Hooley noticed this unintentional resurfacing had solidified the road - there was no rutting and no dust.…
Jigsaw Puzzle — 2021-08-09 21:24:39
…t == At this point the puzzles were all hand made on solid wood and were too expensive to be considered a toy. It took over 100 years after they were invented - that these ‘dissections’ began to be known as ‘**jigsaw puzzles**’ when ma…
Pub — 2021-08-09 21:19:14
…st **Taverns** began to appear. Originally meant to provide food and refreshment for Roman soldiers they were built all over England. When the Romans finally withdrew from Britain they left behind the beginnings of the modern pub. In **965 Ki…
…taverns have evolved into hotels the ale house into what is the modern pub. == Very popular == By **1625** there were over thirteen thousand Inns and Taverns around the country for a population of just **five million**. As the number grew so …
Cowboy — 2021-08-09 21:03:46
…/, a young male cow herder. === England 1620 === The word cowboy never entered U.S. parlance until the great cattle drovers were being superceded by the [[Railway]]. Even as late as 1881 Chester A. Arthur, then a U.S. president, spoke sneeri…
Industrial Revolution — 2021-08-08 21:48:46
…the wonder of this material he built the **largest cast iron structure** ever seen. This **world first iron bridge** is over the river Severn at a place now called Ironbridge. This bridge is still standing and can be visited to this day. Abrah…
…am Darby III took over the family business in the 1770s. As it grew, he attracted more workers with various measures. In times of food shortag…
…ionally every three." Six years later, in 1863, the rail seemed as perfect as ever, although some 700 trains had passed over it daily. {{Image url="Rail_Barrow_Steel_1896.jpg" title="Mushet steel rail" class="left" width="300" }} ::c:: == Isam…
Sparkling Wine — 2021-08-08 20:32:53
…h stronger glass bottles. These bottles proved so successful that by the end of the 17th century Britain was producing over 3 million bottles a year. Also, the English imported cork from Portugal which made a better seal in a bottle than wood…
Refrigeration — 2021-08-08 18:50:45
…e University of Glasgow, [[Scotland]] in **1748**. In his demonstration, Cullen used a pump to create a small vacuum over a container of diethyl ether. When the deithyl ether began to boil, it absorbed the heat from the container's surroundi…
Plywood — 2021-08-08 18:44:16
…the edges and it reduces expansion and shrinkage while improving strength. In 1797 Samuel Bentham applied for patents covering several machines to produce veneers. His patent describes the concept of laminating several layers of veneer with gl…
…ue to form a thicker piece – the first description of what we now call plywood. Over fifty years later machining equipment for the process was improved by Immanuel Nobel. == Naval career == When he was …
Sunday School — 2021-08-08 18:39:06
…rinted a story about the new Sunday schools. Before too long, around 4,000 new Sunday schools were started in towns all over [[England]]. Robert even used his printing press to publish reading books, spelling books, Bible study books, and copie…
…er, now a Public House" width="400" }} == World wide == Within a decade children were attending schools on a Sunday all over England. Soon the idea spread abroad to Ireland and the Commonwealth, into Europe, Canada and the U.S.…
Australia — 2021-08-08 18:36:08
…shire]]" death_date="14 February 1779" }} Captain James Cook was a remarkable navigator born in [[Yorkshire]]. He discovered the East coast of Australia in **1770**. == HMS Endeavour == On 26th August 1768, the Endeavour set sail from Plymo…
…uralist, and Charles Green, from the Greenwich Observatory. Cook sighted New Zealand on 6 October 1769, and landed at Poverty Bay two days later. He drew detailed and accurate maps of the whole coastline of both north and south islands. {{I…
…ralis == The continent was named after //Terra Australis//, Latin for South Land, had appeared on maps before its discovery. The North-West area was first sighted by the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman and recorded as New Holland not realising how…
Salicylic acid — 2021-08-08 18:32:13
…n reliever because it blocks an enzyme that's required for the process of inflammatory response. Salicylic acid was discovered by the Greek physician Hippocrates in the 5th century BC. Although this was known as a folk remedy Stone had wakened …
Vaccination — 2021-08-07 23:07:23
…the difference that the majority of its victims were infants and young children. **In 1980, as a result of Jenner's discovery, the World Health Assembly officially declared "the world and its peoples" free from endemic smallpox**. In 1977 Ali …
Powered Flight — 2021-04-05 22:36:49
…John Stringfellow**. Stringfellow designed and built a model monoplane. It had a 10 feet wingspan with a wooden frame covered in silk. Its wing was 2 feet wide at its widest part tapering to a point at the tip with a rigid leading edge and a s…
Marmite — 2021-04-03 10:38:16
…he process into a business. == Feeding the Troops == The popularity of Marmite was boosted when [[Vitamins]] were discovered by [[Vitamins|William Fletcher]]. Yeast was discovered to be a great source of five important 'B' vitamins. As a resu…
Patent Leather — 2021-01-31 22:10:03
…d in Birmingham, as I am informed, has of late obtained a patent for preparing leather in a certain way that he has discovered, by means of which, leather is said to be rendered perfectly impervious to water, and when soiled, requires only to b…
DNA Forensics — 2021-01-22 08:47:52
…DNA Forensics :: {{Databox caption="Discoverer" Image="alec-jeffreys.jpg" width="300" title="Alec Jeffreys" birth_date="9/1/1950" birth_place="Oxford" death_date="…
…ire]], [[England]] is a geneticist at the University of Leicester. In **1984** through his investigations Jeffreys discovered a method of showing variations between individuals' **DNA** (deoxyribonucleic acid), inventing and developing genetic…
Petroleum — 2020-12-03 01:07:44
…Petroleum :: {{Databox caption="Discoveror" Image="JamesYoung.jpg" Who="James Young" width="" birth_date="13 July 1811" birth_place="Glasgow" death_date="13 Ma…
Electric Toaster — 2020-12-01 01:05:39
…ds England. This was the forerunner of today's toasters. The device was quite simple and a person had to turn the bread over to toast both sides and turn the machine off by hand. ::c:: == Crompton == {{Image url="Crompton.jpg" class="left" widt…
… known as **Lewis Carroll**, author of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. Cromptons many inventions enabled him to take over T.H.P. Dennis & Co's Chelmsford premises to form Crompton and Co in 1878, it soon became the country's leading distribu…
Banoffi Pie — 2020-12-01 00:13:56
…n the cream and lightly sprinkle over the freshly ground coffee. …
Pencil — 2020-11-30 16:27:31
…iterature]]:[[1500s]] The modern graphite pencil was first produced in Cumberland now [[Cumbria]], [[England]]. == Discovery == The pure graphite was discovered in the 1500s near Keswick after a violent storm that had up rooted several trees.…
…nds and so they used it for marking their sheep. They called it //plaumbago// (lead ore). == Eureka == Soon it was discovered this graphite made an excellent replacement for lead that was used for writing. A cottage industry grew up sawing and…
Suffolk Punch — 2020-11-30 16:25:44
…. The Suffolk Horse Society, was formed in Britain in 1877 to promote the Suffolk Punch and started to be exported all over the world. Canada in 1865 United States in 1880 and later to France, Spain, Germany, Russia, Sweden, Africa, New Zealan…
Railway — 2020-11-30 12:55:52
…arly wagonways, that were used to [[CategoryTransport]] coal out of the mines, into the national grids we see today all over the world. {{{toc}}} ::c:: === Richard Trevithick 1804 === {{image url="Richard_Trevithick.jpg" class="right" title="R…
…train''' was going to transform life. In 1847 there were a quarter of a million navvies digging and blasting their way over the British landscape. The amount of track laid in Britain increased from only '''500 miles''' in 1838 to over '''8,000…
Sport — 2020-11-30 00:32:47
…ardized the rules, that still guide the sport today. In 1895, the Badminton Association (of England) was formed to take over the authority of the Bath Badminton Club, and the new group made rules, which now govern the game throughout the world.…
…rs began manufacturing an indoor tennis kit that included a portable net that could be set up on a table, a small ball covered with netting, and miniature paddles. James Gibb, an Englishman who visited the United States in 1900, brought some h…
…ican rights to Parker Brothers, who came out with a new kit under that name. Another Englishman, E. C. Goode, in 1902 covered his wooden ping pong paddle with pebbled rubber, which allowed him to put spin on the ball. A Ping Pong Association w…
…nglish. A group of holidaymakers in Switzerland in 1890, wanted to create a sled that could carry people down the snow-covered road between St Moritz and Celerina. They joined two sleds together. Sport's name comes from the way teams bobbed th…
Vacuum cleaner — 2020-10-11 23:24:10
…mpossible, but Booth could not let go of his idea. On returning home he decided to test his idea by placing a wet cloth over a cushioned chair and sucking on it hard. When he turned over the cloth, it was filthy from the dust that had been trap…
Shakespeare — 2020-08-21 08:52:48
…ace.jpg" class="right" title="shakespeare birthplace" width="400" }} === Pushing English === Shakespeare **invented** over 1700 of our common English words by changing nouns into verbs, changing verbs into adjectives, connecting words never b…
Eraser — 2020-08-18 10:06:20
…ser.jpg" class="left" title="eraser" width="300" }} == Needed invention == Before the rubber eraser the common ink remover was old bread crumbs. This was a messy process, even if you had the crumbs to hand. == Hymen Lipman 1858 == It took…
Hydraulics — 2020-08-17 13:24:35
…Newcastle one of the busiest ports, so Armstrong set up business producing his hydraulic cranes. They were exported all over the world. Armstrong invented the 'Hydraulic Accumulator' for places that didn't have existing water pressure. Thes…
Linoleum — 2020-08-17 08:43:03
…ifax, Yorkshire" death_date="16 May 1928" }} {{toc}} **Linoleum**, also called Lino, is a versatile hard wearing floor covering. Despite many new types of flooring on the market, lino is still popular today. == Inspiration == Walton was born i…
…rope and the United States. Frederick Walton jnr went on to develop //Lincrusta// the first washable and durable wall covering.…
Stevenson Screen — 2020-08-17 08:38:43
…rby potential sources of heat such as buildings, airports and brick walls, where free circulation of air can occur, and over a natural surface, grass is recommended as other surfaces such as concrete can cause significant error leading to all t…
Sinoatrial Node — 2020-08-15 18:08:00
…1931" }} ===Arthur Keith & Martin Flack 1907 === ~- [[Medical]]:[[1900s]] **Martin Flack**, British physiologist, discovered the bodys' natural pacemaker that is responsible for the initiation of the heartbeat in **1907** with his mentor, Sco…
…chards near their cottage in [[Kent]]. Upon their return, Flack excitedly showed Keith a wonderful structure he had discovered in the right auricle of the mole, just where the superior vena cava enters that chamber. == The Answer == {{Image u…
…tomical studies confirmed the same structure in other hearts, which they named the **sino‐auricular node.** The discovery of the sinus node or **SA** node, the electrical system of the heart, provided an anatomical answer to the baffling my…
Bicycle — 2020-08-15 09:22:15
…to become **Rover cars.** == Earlier Versions == There were several attempts by others to find a safer cycle amongst them was the Sherg…
Cyclonic Vacuum Cleaner — 2020-08-15 09:18:21
… vacuum cleaner. By 1995 The Dyson DC01 became the best-selling vacuum cleaner in the UK. == Competition Regrets == Hoover's vice president for Europe, Mike Rutter, said on U.K. national TV, "I do regret that Hoover as a company did not take …
Jet Engine — 2020-08-15 08:35:25
…the Air Ministry issued a specification to GAC (Gloster Aircraft Company) for an aircraft to test Whittles jet engine. Rover was unable to deliver the first W.1 production engine before Gloster's experimental airframe was ready. So manufacturi…
Gravity — 2020-08-06 08:19:13
…in his orchard at some time during 1665 or 1666 that Newton conceived that the same force that acted on the apple also governed the motion of the Moon and planets. {{Image url="Apple_falling.gif" class="right" }} When he saw the apple fall, New…
…professor at Trinity College, Cambridge. == Principia 1687 == >> {{adsense}}>> Isaac explained three basic laws that govern the way objects move in his publication '//Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica'//. The First Law states that…
Potato Crisp — 2020-08-06 08:17:45
…siastic English. But it was in cooking he made his name giving him a TV chef appeal of his day. **The Cooks Oracle** covered all aspects of managing the domestic kitchen. It even includes eleven **ketchup recipes**, including two each for mu…
…nes of potatoes a year. Crisps account for around a **third** of the total world snack industry. The world annual turnover of crisps is around** £12 Billion**. …
Charles Darwin — 2020-08-06 07:52:58
…] Charles Darwin, born in Shrewsbury, [[Shropshire]], [[England]], established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors. === Origin of Species 1859 === Darwin ( 12 February 1809 –19 April 1882) published his t…
… variations of plants and animals that were similar to those he found in South America, suggesting that species adapted over time and to their environment. Charles Darwin was not the first to propose a theory of evolution but his work was so …
Obstetrical Forceps — 2020-06-28 13:29:13
…esent at the birth. == Family Secret == The family kept their //new invention// of the **forceps** a close secret for over 150 years to protect their lucrative trade. The forceps were only taken out of it's carved box during a birth. {{Databo…
Christmas Traditions — 2019-12-27 02:21:30
…ustom of sending Christmas cards started in Britain in 1840 when the first 'Penny Post' public postal deliveries began. Over a billion Christmas cards are now sent every year in the United Kingdom, many of them sold in aid of charities.|| [[Tr…
Stonehenge — 2018-01-26 21:52:34
…eStone.jpg" class="left" title="Henge Stone size comparison" width="280" }} === Wessex 3100 BC === Stonehenge was built over several construction phases spanning around 1,500 years. Construction on and around the monument puts the age of the s…
English Language — 2018-01-26 21:45:55
…[[Sandwich]]ed between the occupation of the Romans up to around 400 AD and the French invasion of 1066. == Amazing Recovery == {{image url="Language.jpg" class="right" title="" width="" }} It is truly amazing that English as a language surviv…
…onal language in many fields including communications, science, business, aviation, entertainment, radio and diplomacy. Over two-thirds of the world's scientists read in English. Three quarters of the world's mail is written in English. Eighty …
Theodolite — 2017-07-05 08:57:22
…dently invented the reflecting telescope, or the refracting telescope as part of his theodolite to improve the accuracy over long distances of his surveying works. As referenced in his 1591 book //Pantometria//. …
Banksy — 2017-06-19 21:04:17
…and greed. {{Image url="Banksy1.jpg" class="left" title="Banksy street art" width="200" }} {{Image url="Banksy_mobile_lovers.jpg" class="right" title="Banksy mobile lovers" width="300" }} === Bristol 1974 === His work is now very sought after…
… commanding huge sums of money. Causing squabbles over who owns the images when they mysteriously appear on buildings. {{Image url="BanksyChelt.jpg" class="center" title="Ba…
Viagra — 2017-06-01 14:56:53
…ors **Andrew Bell**, **Dr David Brown** and **Dr Nicholas Terrett** (also Pfizer employees at [[Kent]] [[England]]) discovered that chemical compounds belonging to the pyrazolopyrimidinone class were useful in treating heart problems such as an…
…ra pills" class="left" width="200" }} Terrett was conducting a study on Sildenafil as a heart medicine when it was discovered that it caused increased blood to flow to the penis as a side effect. Actually, the pill didn't pan out as an effecti…
Thriller — 2017-05-19 15:12:25
…he iconic title track for the **best-selling album** ever **Thriller** by **Michael Jackson**. {{Image url="Thrillercover.jpg" class="left" title="Thriller cover" width="" }} The album also holds the record for the **most weeks at No. 1 **o…
Meccano — 2017-05-14 01:23:25
…r Children and Young People**", but not without first having to borrow five pounds from his employer, David Elliot, to cover the costs. His employer saw potential in what Hornby was doing and offered him some vacant premises next to the office…
…as relocated to West Derby Road in Liverpool, and in 1910 the famous "MECCANO" logo was commissioned. Meccano Ltd's turnover for the 1910 financial year was 12,000 pounds. == Rags to Riches == By the 1930s, Hornby had become a millionaire. He…
Harrier Jump Jet — 2017-01-18 16:14:57
…ted millions into designing their own VTOL aircraft but eventually bought Harriers and they are still in service. == Over 50 years Service == It was conceived to operate from improvised bases, such as car parks or forest clearings, without …
Beatrix Potter — 2016-07-23 14:22:52
…d children's authors. She wrote and illustrated 28 books that have been translated into more than 35 languages and sold over **100 million** copies. One book is sold every 15 seconds. Born in Kensington, [[London]], she later moved to **Hill T…
…op Farm** in [[Cumbria]] and on her death bequeathed it, along with 13 other farms and over 4000 acres of land, to the [[National_Trust]]. === The Tale of Peter Rabbit 1902 === {{Image url="PeterRabbit.jpg" cla…
…ication. It is based on the true story of a Gloucester tailor, **John Pritchard**, who came to work one morning to discover a waistcoat - almost finished - with a note saying "no more twist" pinned to it. In May 1894 when Beatrix Potter was s…
Billiards — 2016-06-23 11:09:55
…nal Billiard Table" width="400" }} The game of table **Billiards**, a cue sport for two players on a green baize cloth covered table with pockets, has various forms from the 15th century in Europe. But what is known is that the first book of …
… in Act II, Scene 5, Cleopatra says: "Let's to billiards. Come, Charmian." == Beginings of Modern Rules == The first governing body of the game, the **English Billiards Association**, was formed in the UK in 1885. Later to become the **Billi…
Whisky — 2016-05-26 10:22:03
… production and when King Henry VIII of England dissolved the monasteries in 1541 production was forced underground and overnight. It was this period when whisky received its famous nickname **"moonshine"**. == Then there's Whiskey == With …
Salvation Army — 2016-01-07 15:19:48
…="Salvation 'Army' Flag" width="300" }} Salvation Army operates in more than **125** countries and provides services in over **170** different languages. Its membership (as of 2010 Year Book) includes 16,938 active and 9,190 retired officers,…

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