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Split the Atom — 2023-10-10 00:05:57
… and nails to build the world's first nuclear-particle accelerator in 1929. Rutherford had split the atom in Manchester more than ten years before. He wanted more control over the particles used to penetrate nuclei. He directed Cockcroft and Wa…
Modern Farming — 2023-10-09 23:44:30
…ullseed.gif" class="right" title="Tull's improved seed drill" }} Early seed drills were very crude devices and not much more effective than sewing seeds by simply throwing them about. Some would germinate and some would fail. It was a very inef…
…with Jethro Tull’s seed drill invention improved germination fivefold. Tull correctly theorized that plants should be more widely spaced and the soil around them thoroughly broken down to allow the roots to take in nutrients and improve rapid…
Lever Brothers — 2023-10-09 23:43:45
…the Unilever badge have further expanded to include: ~Lipton (1971) ~Brooke Bond (1984) ~Ben & Jerry's (2000) And many more [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Unilever_brands | Unilever]] It is now the world's **third-largest** consumer …
Stainless Steel — 2023-10-09 23:42:45
…ombarded with various acids and stresses. Many failed the tests but the steel made on that day remained rust free. == More than Guns == Harry saw the potential for his steel within the cutlery industry. With the help of his friend Ernest Stu…
Phototherapy — 2023-10-09 23:41:51
…tal in [[Essex]]. {{toc}} == Sister Ward == Ward was an old school nurse who was convinced sunshine and fresh air was more healthy than a stuffy hospital. One warm summer day in the 1950s Sister J Ward took a premature baby outside. When she…
Computer — 2023-10-09 23:40:16
…. He then developed plans for a bigger, better, machine - Difference Engine 2. He also worked on another invention, the more complex **Analytical Engine**, a revolutionary device on which made him the first **computer pioneer**. {{Image url="B…
Cat Eyes — 2023-10-09 23:39:36
…''Reflecting Roadstuds''' found it difficult to drum up orders until **World War II** when driving at night became even more perilous because of the government-imposed blackouts to thwart German bombers. The company accelerated its expansion af…
Steam Engine — 2023-10-08 00:19:36
…the Lunar Society, **patented** the first significant improvements to the Newcomen type vacuum engine that made it much more fuel efficient. Watt's leap was to separate the condensing phase of the vacuum engine into a separate chamber, while ke…
Pedestrian Crossing — 2023-10-07 11:08:59
…h, [[Berkshire]] [[England]] on the 31st October 1951. Authorities were looking for a way to make pedestrian crossings more visible to road users and the public. {{Image url="AbbeyRoadZebraCrossing.png" class="left" title="Abbey Road Zebra Cro…
Air Traffic Control — 2023-10-07 10:51:35
…eaking flights - the first woman to fly solo from England to Australia took off from Croydon in May 1930. == Links == More info: [[http://www.nats.aero/about-us/what-we-do/atc-explained| NATS]] {{Tag ids="Radio flight radar traffic"}} …
Electronic Computer — 2023-10-07 10:38:05
…ng establishment, were already busy decoding messages produced the **Enigma** device. Help was needed to solve the far more complicated encrypted German coded messages made by **Lorenz** cipher devices. Bletchley called the devices **TUNNY*…
Marshall Amplification — 2023-10-07 09:45:58
…go.svg" class="right" title="Marshall logo" width="200" }} Among his many guitar playing customers were **Ritchie Blackmore, Big Jim Sullivan and Pete Townshend.** But they were all frustrated at the poor quality of guitar amplification availa…
Vacuum Tube — 2023-09-23 15:57:19
…s from radio receivers to transmitters, radar sets, electronic warfare equipment, telecommunications repeaters and much more. {{Tag ids="Valve Electronic Tube Thermionic amplification "}} …
Telegraph — 2023-09-23 15:56:52
…h worked. Morse was wanting to patent his own simple telegraphic apparatus in Europe. He could see that this system was more advanced than his own system but needed a 5 core cable which would prove too expensive for the distances involved in t…
PIN — 2023-09-23 15:56:10
…ere are now millions of ATMs around the world, , as well as in ‘point of sale’ (Chip & PIN) terminals, facilitating more than a **billion** ‘chip and PIN’ sales every day. {{Image url="ChubbATM.jpg" class="left" title="Making a cash wi…
LCD — 2023-09-23 15:53:09
… type of **cyanobiphenyl**. This resulting liquid crystal was less viscous, thereby providing faster response times and more transparent, which produced a pure-white colour display for the first time. == Re-invent the Display == {{Image url="…
… finding new materials for this. == Background == The liquid crystal materials known then had to be heated to 70ºC or more, usually decomposed in a few minutes and were rather viscous, which made their response sluggish. Invariably they compr…
Electric Motor — 2023-09-23 15:52:02
…r Volta. Sturgeon could now power his strong electro-magnets and making them horse-shoe shape increased the power even more. But the drawback of creating motion with powerful magnets is that the motion is stopped when the poles repell. == And…
Electric Generator — 2023-09-23 12:04:37
… [[England]], Michael Faraday (1791-1867) was extremely curious, questioning everything. He felt an urgent need to know more. At age 13, he became an errand boy for a bookbinding shop in London. He read every book that he bound, and decided tha…
Bouncing bomb — 2023-09-23 12:03:28
… causing catastrophic flooding of the Ruhr and Eder valley. Two hydroelectric power stations were destroyed and several more were damaged. Factories and mines were also either damaged or destroyed. An estimated 1,600 civilians drowned: about 60…
ATM — 2023-09-23 12:02:41
…director of **De La Rue Instruments**. A division of De La Rue the banknote and credit card printing firm who produced more than 140 currencies, as well as stock certificates for the New York Stock Exchange.. John's inspiration for the ATM ca…
Full Breakfast — 2022-05-20 12:26:19
…Full Breakfast :: === Full British Breakfast 1300 === [[CategoryFood]]:[[1300s]] More of a [[Tradition]] than an invention. But this [[CategoryFood]] item, aka the ''Fry Up'', is very British and very popu…
British Empire — 2022-05-20 08:45:03
…e British Empire 1497 === [[Society]] :[[1400s]] The British empire was the **largest **empire in history, it covered more than **13,000,000 square miles** (13 million or 33.7Km2), which is approximately a **quarter** of the Earth’s total…
… land area, and controlled more than **530 million people** – almost a **quarter** of the world’s population at the time. With colonies in every c…
YMCA — 2022-05-17 05:19:39
…the streets. By '''1851''' there were 24 YMCAs in Great Britain, with a combined membership of 2,700. Today there are more than 14,000 local YMCAs with around 45,000,000 members all around the world. == Honour == {{Image url="GeorgeWilliams…
Crufts — 2022-05-03 17:14:00
…sex]], [[England]]. {{Image url="CruftsAgility.jpg" class="right" title="Crufts Agility" width="350" }} Crufts takes up more than 25 acres of the NEC Arena. It has now more than 25,000 canine entries. ::c:: {{Image url="Crufts.jpg" class="left…
KitKat — 2022-05-03 17:00:51
…ds certified #%KitKat#% as the ** most sold chocolate brand across the world ** when it was sold in 72 countries. Today more than 17 billion #% KitKat #% fingers are eaten each year from 14 factories around the globe. The original factory in Yo…
Pneumatic Tyre — 2022-05-03 16:45:33
… was at 50 Gloucester Street, Belfast, [[Ireland]]. His great invention, of the inner tube for cycle tyres, came about more or less by chance. In 1888 his small son was prescribed cycling as cure for a heavy cold; Dunlop hit on the idea of mak…
…ing the boy's tricycle more comfortable by fitting it with inflated tubes, made of canvas and bonded together with liquid rubber. == Patent == He…
Loudspeaker — 2021-11-07 21:26:37
…= Power == What this invention needed was amplification and that came along with the [[Thermionic_valve|valve]]. With more power bigger magnets and cones could now be used. A model of his loudspeaker is in the British Science Museum. {{Ima…
Heroin — 2021-08-20 11:14:28
…[[London]]. {{TOC}} Wright was searching for a nonaddictive alternative to the medicine morphine and soon discovered a more potent version of morphine by boiling anhydrous morphine alkaloid with acetic anhydride. == Effective == Charles test…
Workmate — 2021-08-20 11:10:56
… Black & Decker saw the potential and took on exclusive rights of the Workmate in 1973 and started production. To date more than '''60 Million''' Workmates have been sold. @@{{adsense}}@@ …
Intraocular Lens — 2021-08-20 10:40:24
…== Recognition in the End == Intraocular lens implant is now the **most commonly performed** eye surgical procedure. **More than 6 million lenses are implanted every year.** Ridley gave this to the world **for free**. Ridley continued in priv…
IVF — 2021-08-16 10:02:09
…or successful fertilisation and development. == Nobel Prize == In 2010 they were awarded the Nobel prize, By this time more than **4.5 million** babies had been born as a result of their pioneering initiative. ::c:: {{Image url="IVFPlaque.jpg…
Roundabout — 2021-08-16 09:58:53
…here a roundabout has been installed, savings of up to 40% on fuel can be saved, due to the fact the traffic is flowing more freely. Pennsylvania Transport Department has shown that roundabouts result in 90% reduction in fatalities, 76% reducti…
Automatic Kettle — 2021-08-14 20:44:42
…idth="" }} Their first automatic electric kettle, the vapour-controlled K1, appeared in 1955 and was superseded by the more elegant K2, a modestly curvaceous design originally produced in spun copper and polished chrome. ==1955== Before thi…
Agatha Christie — 2021-08-14 20:41:37
…ne of Britain's first stand-up surfers. Christie did not have a formal education and taught herself to read. She wrote more than 70 detective novels as well as a record breaking [[Mousetrap | play]]. Christie died on January 12, 1976. == Top …
Scouts — 2021-08-14 20:35:19
…} There are now '''**155 countries**''' with internationally recognised National Scout Organizations. The scouts number more than ''**'28 million**''', with over 5 million in the **USA** alone, truly amazing. == Top Seller == The book '''Sco…
Public Park — 2021-08-14 20:30:20
…modular, prefabricated design and use of glass. It took 2,000 men eight months to build the 'Crystal Palace', which was more than **1848 feet long and 456 feet wide and 135 feet high**. Despite widespread cynicism amongst press and public, whe…
Football — 2021-08-14 19:52:33
…und in every corner of geography and history. The Chinese , Japanese, Italian, Ancient Greek, Persian, Viking, and many more all played a ball game that resembled football i.e. primarily controlling a ball with your feet //not// your hands . T…
Vibrator — 2021-08-14 19:48:28
…Hysteria" width="300" }} Granville patented an **Electro-mechanical Vibrator** 1880. Originally called a percusser or more colloquially "**Granville's hammer**", the machine was manufactured and sold to physicians to relieve muscle aches. Dr…
Antiseptic — 2021-08-12 20:38:14
…ssistants sprayed the solution in the operating theatre. == Little Organisms == As the "germ theory of disease" became more widely accepted, infection from surgery dropped dramatically. This led to the rise of sterile surgery. On the centenar…
Colgate — 2021-08-11 11:43:11
…e. Because of his republican ideals he decided to leave their farm in Shoreham, Kent in March 1798 and emigrate to Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Colgate formed a partnership with Ralph Maher to manufacture soap and candles, and William worked with…
Chocolate Bar — 2021-08-09 22:11:02
…o help grind the cocoa beans to a much finer powder than had previously been achieved. The machine could not only grind more thoroughly but it could output greater amounts of ground cocoa. This gave the chocolateers more time and energy to imp…
Light Bulb — 2021-08-09 21:56:27
… had expired. (...) Seven years, and more than $100,000 in litigation expenses after Edison’s patent was invalidated by the US Patent Office, on October 6, 188…
… evacuated glass bulb. (...) In fact, Edison and his team did not find a commercially workable filament (bamboo) until more than 6 months after Edison filed the patent application Link to US espionage: http://historynewsnetwork.org/article/15…
Can — 2021-08-09 21:53:19
…rve food by heating it and sealing it in glass containers which excluded air. Durand thought a metal container would be more robust. Very soon he was supplying canned food to the Royal Navy and the [[British_Empire|Empire]] in large quantities…
…ular. Very few kitchen cupboards are without tin cans of food of all sorts including soup, beans, vegetables, fruit and more all over the world. Many **billions** of cans are sold every year throughout the world and best of all, it's **recyclab…
Pub — 2021-08-09 21:19:14
…ritain’ to name but a few. ::c:: == Links == [[http://www.pubsgalore.co.uk/ | Pubs Galore ]] [[http://www.pubs.com | More info ]] …
Fire Extinguisher — 2021-08-09 21:05:28
… == The first fire extinguisher, of a sort, was patented in 1723 by **Ambrose Godfrey **from [[England]]. His idea was more of a 'sledge hammer' approach. It consisted of a cask of fire-extinguishing liquid containing a pewter chamber of gunpo…
Cowboy — 2021-08-09 21:03:46
… late 17th century. For example Jonathan Swift, author of Gulliver's Travels, in 1725 use of cowboy to refer to nothing more than a boy tending cows. == Buckaroo == The first use of the word “cowboy” in the U.S. is in the **New Orleans Pi…
Industrial Revolution — 2021-08-08 21:48:46
…e in [[Shropshire]], refining techniques for producing wrought iron from pig iron and producing the iron to replace the more expensive brass cylinders used in Thomas Newcomen's steam engines. == Abraham Darby III (1750 – 1791) == {{Image url…
…and can be visited to this day. Abraham Darby III took over the family business in the 1770s. As it grew, he attracted more workers with various measures. In times of food shortage, he bought up farms to grow food for his workers, built housin…
Bearings — 2021-08-08 20:30:19
… == If the wheel is one of mans greatest inventions the bearing is close behind. Vaughans bearings made carriage travel more comfortable lessened the strain on horse power and reduced maintenance. {{Image url="BallBearing.gif" class="left" tit…
Sunday School — 2021-08-08 18:39:06
… Toronto" width="300" }} The movement began in **July 1780** in the home of a Mrs Meredith. Within a short time several more schools opened in [[Gloucestershire]]. Soon Robert Raikes and Reverend Thomas Stock had 100 children ages 6 to 14 atte…
Vaccination — 2021-08-07 23:07:23
…Royal Society** in 1797 describing his experiment but was told that his ideas were too revolutionary and that he needed more proof. Undaunted, Jenner experimented on several other children, including his own 11-month-old son. In 1798 the result…
…i Maow Maalim, a hospital worker was the last person on Earth to catch smallpox. It is estimated that Jenner has saved more than 528 million lives. {{Image url="Jennerstatue.jpg" class="right" width="200" }} == Other Interests == He was elec…
Toothbrush — 2021-01-28 15:14:07
…th="250" }} == Nylon era == By **1938** the first toothbrush with nylon fibres was produced, which proved sturdier and more efficient than bristles. But in the **United States** it wasn’t until soldiers returned home from World War II indoct…
Petroleum — 2020-12-03 01:07:44
…osene, was being imported to Britain even though Young had successfully sued for patent infringement in the USA. It was more crudely refined and that meant it was cheaper than Young's fuel. It also had a reputation for causing explosions and ho…
Suffolk Punch — 2020-11-30 16:25:44
… States in 1880 and later to France, Spain, Germany, Russia, Sweden, Africa, New Zealand, Australia, Argentina and many more. {{tag ids="Suffolk Punch Created breed Horse draught power"}} …
Railway — 2020-11-30 12:55:52
… would have cost '''£3 10s''' but by 1851 the train fare for this same journey was only '''5s''' for a far quicker and more comfortable journey. {{image url="TrainMallard.jpg" class="right" title="Mallard.World speed record for steam" width="4…
Sport — 2020-11-30 00:32:47
…und in every corner of geography and history. The Chinese , Japanese, Italian, Ancient Greek, Persian, Viking, and many more all played a ball game that resembled football. The Chinese "football" games date as far back as 3000 years ago. The A…
…h empire. At this time British soldiers were taking the game around the world and in Canada, where frozen fields were more common than grass, it made its way onto ice and so [[WikiPedia:Bandy Bandy]] [[WikiPedia:Ice_Hockey Ice]] evolved. In …
…and Celerina. They joined two sleds together. Sport's name comes from the way teams bobbed their heads to try and gain more speed. The new sport immediately caught on and a special track, complete with banked curves, made of ice, was constru…
Vacuum cleaner — 2020-10-11 23:24:10
…ainer where the dirt was collected. The 'suction' was essentially similar to the 'suction' of an air compressor. Little more than surface dirt and dust were removed. == 1903 by Royal Appointment == {{Image url="BoothVacuumCleaner.jpg" class="r…
Slavery Abolition — 2020-08-17 15:00:36
…Iceland**, capturing **European** men, women and **children** to be used in their slave trade. Some villages like Baltimore, Ireland had to be abandoned following persistent raids. Between 1609 and 1616, England alone had **466** merchant ship…
Jet Engine — 2020-08-15 08:35:25
…prototype stage and was building the first flyable design, the ""Heinkel HeS 3"". Whittle's efforts would have been far more advanced had the Air Ministry taken a greater interest in the design. {{Image url="Whittle_monument_wm.jpg" class="righ…
Cloning — 2020-08-06 15:26:49
…96. On the choice the sheep's name Wilmut said ^^"Dolly is derived from a mammary gland cell and we couldn't think of a more impressive pair of glands than Dolly Parton's".^^…
Plastic Surgery — 2020-08-06 08:24:01
…ridge Military Hospital and later in Sidcup in 1917. There he and his colleagues performed around 11,000 operations on more than 5,000 soldiers. == Knighthood == Gillies was knighted in the Birthday Honours list of June 1930. == Pioneering…
Gravity — 2020-08-06 08:19:13
… Newton understood that gravity was the force of attraction between two objects. He also understood that an object with more matter –mass- exerted the greater force, or pulled smaller object toward it. That meant that the large mass of the ea…
Potato Crisp — 2020-08-06 08:17:45
…tershire is the largest in the world. It produces 11m packs of crisps every day from 800 tons of potatoes. It requires more than 350,000 tonnes of potatoes a year. Crisps account for around a **third** of the total world snack industry. The …
Underground Railway — 2019-10-23 19:35:16
…= Innovation == {{Image url="TubeSteamTrain.jpg" class="left" title="Underground Steam Train" width="500" }} One of the more interesting railway innovations was devised in the 1860's; an **'underground railway'** system, or the **'Tube'** as it…
…nd his Metropolitan Railway salary of £137,700 would be worth around £10 million today. In its first year it carried more than nine million passengers! It was an outstanding success and soon it would be the envy of other capital cities aroun…
Paternoster — 2018-09-18 13:06:34
…ntinuously on a loop passing every floor. The pods or chambers are open with no doors capable of carrying two people or more. A passenger steps into a pod as it ascending then alights when it passes the required level, all while it moves at s…
Stonehenge — 2018-01-26 21:52:34
…= **30ft** (9.1m) long and has an estimated weight of 40-50 tons. That is higher than a 3 storey building and weighing more than a 6 African elephants. ::cl:: == Legacy == Stonehenge is one of the most impressive prehistoric megalithic monume…
English Language — 2018-01-26 21:45:55
…lf on a basis of the early Brits and incorporating many other languages. From Latin, Germanic, French, Celtic and many more. == And Onward == English has official or special status in at least '''75 countries''' around the world. English is …
Emergency Telephone Number — 2017-07-06 10:16:06
…During the first week there were 1,336 calls made to **999**. That number has grown to around 560,000 calls a week and more than 30 million calls a year, call handlers still manage to answer 97% of calls within five seconds. == Why 999? == {{…
… by the **blind**, in the **dark** or in **thick smoke**. It was suggested using the end number 9, three times would be more sensible than using random numbers, so it could be found easily by touch. …
Viagra — 2017-06-01 14:56:53
…, the FDA approved Viagra as the first drug to treat impotence. Between 1999 and 2001 sales annual sales of Viagra were more than **one billion dollars** (~£670,000,000 pounds). **Peter Dunn** and **Albert Wood** both of Kent, England are nam…
Meccano — 2017-05-14 01:23:25
…ember 1907, Hornby registered his famous "**Meccano**" trade mark and used this name on all new sets. In order to raise more capital to invest in a larger factory and plant, a company had to be created. This led to the formation of Meccano Ltd …
Harrier Jump Jet — 2017-01-18 16:14:57
…d for use from aircraft carriers. The RAF retired the Harrier in 2011 and sold the fleet to the US for £180 million. More than 50 years later and the jumpjet has a contender in the Lockheed Martin F-35B aircraft whose VTO engines are supplie…
Beatrix Potter — 2016-07-23 14:22:52
…rld's best-selling and best-loved children's authors. She wrote and illustrated 28 books that have been translated into more than 35 languages and sold over **100 million** copies. One book is sold every 15 seconds. Born in Kensington, [[Londo…
…or, **John Pritchard**, who came to work one morning to discover a waistcoat - almost finished - with a note saying "no more twist" pinned to it. In May 1894 when Beatrix Potter was staying with her cousin, Caroline Hutton in Harescombe Grange…
Mary Poppins — 2016-05-05 17:16:51
…ondon in **1934**, Mary Poppins was Travers' first literary success. Many sequels followed. Travers' great aunt, Helen Morehead, who lived in Woollahra, Sydney, and when she visited Travers (Helen Lyndon Goff) in **Queensland** used to say, "S…
Salvation Army — 2016-01-07 15:19:48
…image url="salvationarmyflag.gif" class="right" title="Salvation 'Army' Flag" width="300" }} Salvation Army operates in more than **125** countries and provides services in over **170** different languages. Its membership (as of 2010 Year Boo…
…1,122,326 soldiers, 189,176 Adherents, 39,071 Corps Cadets, 378,009 Junior Soldiers, around 104,977 other employees and more than **4.5 million** volunteers!…

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