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  1. Split the Atom — 2023-10-10 00:05:57
    …tal kinetic energy of the helium nuclei. It was greater than that of the original hydrogen and lithium nuclei. But they also observed a loss in the total mass of the nuclei. This provided confirmation of **Einstein's law** (E = mc2). Cockcroft…
  2. Vacuum Flask — 2023-10-09 23:46:28
    …stic]] === James Dewar 1904 === The vacuum flask was invented by the Scottish physicist James Dewar (1842-1923) was also a brilliant experimental physicist. He was born at Kincardine-on-Forth [[Scotland]] on September 20, 1842 and was educa…
    … the inner walls helped to reflect heat. He was knighted in 1904 and died on March 27, 1923. == Cordite == Dewar is also the joint inventor of cordite with **Sir Frederick Abel** in **1889**. The disadvantage of gunpowder was that it gave …
    …owder as a military propellant. Cordite was used for large weapons, such as tank guns, artillery and naval guns. It was also used in the .303 British, Mark I and II, standard rifle cartridge between 1891 and 1915. Cordite has been used since W…
  3. Computer — 2023-10-09 23:40:16
    … demonstrated to a number of audiences. He then developed plans for a bigger, better, machine - Difference Engine 2. He also worked on another invention, the more complex **Analytical Engine**, a revolutionary device on which made him the first…
    …th anniversary of Babbage's birth. In 2000, the printer which Babbage originally designed for the difference engine was also completed. Both functioned perfectly. ===Electronic Age - Tommy Flowers 1940=== [[Electronic_Computer]] …
  4. Steam Engine — 2023-10-08 00:19:36
    …mas Savery''' later used Papin's designs to build the world's first operational steam engine. '''Sir Samuel Morland''' also developed ideas for a steam engine during the same period and built a number of steam-engine pumps for King Louis XIV o…
  5. Hovercraft — 2023-10-07 09:48:35
    …other, Douglas, an eminent bookbinder; while Douglas's son Sydney Maurice ("Sandy"), two years Christopher's senior and also a bookbinder, was a celebrated and innovative designer of marbled papers. Despite an interest in the arts, Christopher …
  6. WorldWideWeb — 2023-09-23 15:57:32
    …. (This is now usually known as a URL—Uniform Resource Locator.) == First Browser == By the end of the year he had also written a client program (browser) to retrieve and view hypertext documents. He called this client ""WorldWideWeb"" bro…
    …ser. Hypertext pages were formatted using the '''Hypertext Markup Language''' (HTML) that Berners-Lee had written. He also wrote the first web server. A web server is the software that stores web pages on a computer and makes them available t…
  7. Telephone — 2023-09-23 15:57:07
    ….jpg" title="Bell" width="200"}}>> He knew he would have to work quickly to get the patent * because other people were also trying to make an invention to transmit the human voice. Elisha Gray claims he too invented the telephone, but Bell go…
    …t to the patent office an hour or so before he did. It is said that Antonio Meucci also succeeded with the invention before Bell. Because Bell had the patent, he had the right to be the only one to produce …
  8. Radio — 2023-09-23 15:56:24
    …traveled to London in early **1896** at the age of 21, accompanied by his mother, to seek support for his work. Marconi also spoke fluent English. == 1896 == {{Image url="Marconi_plaque_London_1896.jpg" title="First radio transmission" class="…
  9. PIN — 2023-09-23 15:56:10
    …d providing them with their money on demand. UK Patent No. 1,197,183 dated of May 2 1966, covers this invention. It is also covered by US Patent No.3,905,461. == Automated Teller Machine == The PIN, or Personal Identification Number is a sho…
  10. LCD — 2023-09-23 15:53:09
    …Advanced Technology, often referred to as the Japanese Nobel Prize. == Links == http://www.merck.co.uk/ https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/obits_alpha/gray_gw.pdf…
  11. Electric Motor — 2023-09-23 15:52:02
    …revented contact by the different metals. Dilute sulphuric acid was used to charge the battery. == Galvanometer == He also invented the first suspended coil galvanometer, a device for measuring current. Sturgeon died in poverty and is burie…
  12. Digital Photography — 2023-09-23 12:04:21
    …* (EEV now E2V) in Chelmsford. In 1968 Dr Tompsett invented the un-cooled Pyro-electric thermal-imaging camera tube. He also invented a solid-state version, which is now the basis for thermal imagers made today used by the military for night-vi…
    …Tompsett moved to Bell Laboratories USA in 1969 to develop solid-state cameras. Shortly after joining, Boyle and Smith, also at Bell Labs, came up with the Charge-Coupled Device, CCD, concept to digitally store serial memory. This concept was n…
  13. Bouncing bomb — 2023-09-23 12:03:28
    …nd Eder valley. Two hydroelectric power stations were destroyed and several more were damaged. Factories and mines were also either damaged or destroyed. An estimated 1,600 civilians drowned: about 600 Germans and 1,000 mainly Soviet forced-lab…
  14. Toilet — 2023-09-08 09:57:11
    …rosser 1777 === In 1777, Samuel Prosser invented and patented the 'plunger closet'. The plunger released the waste and also sealed the soil pipe. === Joseph Bramah 1778 === >>{{image url="Bramah.jpg" title="Joseph Bramah" }}>> (1748 - Decemb…
    …. [[Hydraulics|Joseph Bramah]] invented a hinged valve or 'crank valve' in 1778. This sealed the bottom of the bowl. He also devised a float valve system for the cistern. Early toilet bowls were painted cast iron and had no flange on the rim. T…
    … were installed, including Paris, Florence, Berlin, Madrid, and Sydney as well as in South America and the Far East. He also supplied water closets to 30 railway companies in Britain, America, and others in Buenos Aires, Cape Town and Mexico. …
  15. Mousetrap — 2023-08-31 23:02:31
    … produced until the West End production has been closed for at least six months.// == Top Author == Agatha Christie is also the worlds **most translated** author and the second best fiction author after William [[Shakespeare]]. {{Tag ids="Lo…
  16. Thoroughbred Horse — 2022-08-29 09:12:34
    … 16 Hands high (64 inches) and capable of speeds of 44mph they are commonly used in horse racing but, Thoroughbreds are also popular for show jumping, dressage, hunting, polo. The English Thoroughbred has since been introduced to most countries…
  17. Television — 2021-11-06 16:35:18
    …our; and three light sources at the receiving end, with a commutator to alternate their illumination. That same year he also demonstrated stereoscopic television. In 1932 he was the first to demonstrate ultra-short wave transmission. == Live …
  18. Postage Stamp — 2021-11-06 16:32:56
    …e Rowland was educated. In 1807 Rowland Hill became a student-teacher at his father's school. As a sideline Rowland was also an inventor, although most of his ideas were never used. …
  19. Richard Burton — 2021-08-29 20:21:34
    …Jenkins **in the village of Pontrhydyfen, Neath Port Talbot, [[Wales]]. === Pontrhydyfen Wales 1925 === His father was also named Richard Walter Jenkins. His mother, Edith Maude (née Thomas), died on 31 October 1927 at age 44 after giving bir…
  20. Charlie Chaplin — 2021-08-20 11:11:51
    …riences of his early life, eventually made him the highest paid actor in Hollywood. == Chaplin the Composer == Charlie also wrote some wonderful melodies. "**Smile**" is a song based on an instrumental theme used in the soundtrack for the 193…
    …ernally" (1952). "**This Is My Song**", performed by Petula Clark (1967), reached number one on the UK charts. Chaplin also received his only Oscar for his composition work, as the** Limelight theme** won an Academy Award for Best Original Sc…
  21. Automatic Kettle — 2021-08-14 20:44:42
    … with Russell in 1952, designing and manufacturing a coffee percolator that - for the first time - kept coffee hot, and also producing an automatic tea-maker to rival the Goblin Teasmade. == The K1 == {{image url="K1_1955.jpg" class="right" t…
  22. Agatha Christie — 2021-08-14 20:41:37
    …well as a record breaking [[Mousetrap | play]]. Christie died on January 12, 1976. == Top Author == Agatha Christie is also the worlds **most translated** author and the second best fiction author after William [[Shakespeare]]. {{tag ids="To…
  23. Ice Cream Cone — 2021-08-14 20:22:38
    … and they would soon go on to replace the unhygienic glass 'licks' that ice cream street vendors used at the time. She also gave public lectures on cooking, ran an agency for domestic staff and was granted a patent for an improved ice cream ma…
    …chine that could freeze a pint of ice cream in five minutes. She also suggested using liquid nitrogen to make ice cream, now the //in-thing//. She fell from a horse in 1904 and never fully…
  24. Antiseptic — 2021-08-12 20:38:14
    …to wear clean gloves and wash their hands before and after operations with 5% carbolic acid solutions. Instruments were also washed in the same solution and assistants sprayed the solution in the operating theatre. == Little Organisms == As th…
  25. Horlicks — 2021-08-12 20:30:08
    …{{Image url="HorlicksGranary.jpg" class="left" title="Horlicks Granary in Ruardean" width="400" }}James Horlick snr was also involved in brewing and James junior was curious if a malted drink would be suitable for infants. They experimented in …
  26. Colgate — 2021-08-11 11:43:11
    …te Dental Cream" width="" }} Williams father Robert Colgate (1758–1826) was an English farmer and politician. He was also a sympathiser with the American War of Independence. Because of his republican ideals he decided to leave their farm in…
  27. Blood transfusion — 2021-08-10 08:28:02
    …Between 1825 and 1830, Blundell performed 10 transfusions, five of which were beneficial, and published his results. He also invented a number of instruments for the transfusion of blood. {{Image url="Blood-Transfusion.jpg" class="left" title=…
  28. Adjustable Spanner — 2021-08-10 08:22:45
    …n. In 1836 he was the Engineering Manager and partner in the Uley in [[Gloucestershire]] Iron Works with George Lister, also from Yorkshire. Clyburn's spanner design with open end jaws was pioneering.{{Image url="ClyburnSpannerNo3.jpg" class="…
    …right" title="Clyburn Spanner head" width="200" }} It also featured //rack and worm// that he would have discussed with engineering work colleague [[Lawn_mower| Edwin Budding]]. …
  29. Lawn Mower — 2021-08-10 08:19:36
    …= Adjustable Wrench == {{Image url="BuddingWrench.jpg" class="right" title="Budding screw wrench" width="500" }}Budding also invented an **adjustable spanner** or 'screw wrench' around **1842**, registered in 1843. An alternative //crest headed…
  30. Match — 2021-08-09 22:35:30
    …es, preferring instead to pursue his scientific studies, he did not consider his invention important enough to patent. Also he did not divulge the exact composition of his matches, wanting to improve it. == To Market == {{Image url="Congrev…
  31. Nature Reserve — 2021-08-09 22:30:53
    …in having the soapworks moved. {{Image url="WaltonHall.jpg" class="right" title="Walton Hall" }} == The Bird Box == He also invented the '''bird nesting box'''. Walton Hall is now open to the public as a nature trail. {{Image url="Nestbox.jpg…
  32. USA anthem — 2021-08-09 22:14:22
    …a poem written in 1814 by **Francis Scott Key**. ::c:: == Luxembourg national anthem == **To Anacreon in Heaven** was also the national anthem of Luxembourg until the anthem was replaced by Ons Heemecht in 1895.…
  33. Chocolate Bar — 2021-08-09 22:11:02
    …te process and is now the //oldest chocolate confectionery bar//, and is still in production. == Easter Eggs == Fry's also invented the **Chocolate Easter Egg** which is now common throughout the world and popular even in non Christian countr…
  34. Light Bulb — 2021-08-09 21:56:27
    …rbon of high resistance" was valid. Unfortunately further research exposed in A Streak of Luck by Robert Conot (1979), also shows that Edison and his attorneys hid significant information from the judge. They cut out the October 7-21, 1879 sec…
    …ography === {{image url="Joseph_Wilson_Swan_2.jpg" class="right" title="Joseph Swan in his lab." width="300" }} Swan is also remembered for his contribution to photographic developing processes. He noticed that heat increased the sensitivity of…
  35. Pub — 2021-08-09 21:19:14
    …ecreed that there should be one **Ale House** per village (a very popular ruler). By this time the use of pub signs was also well established helping the illiterate population (or were they just drunk?) to identify drinking establishments aroun…
  36. Industrial Revolution — 2021-08-08 21:48:46
    …itain** in 1843 in Bristol [[Gloucestershire]], the first propeller-driven ocean-going iron ship, which was at the time also the largest ship ever built. {{Image url="SSGreatBritain.jpg" }} …
  37. Sandwich — 2021-08-08 20:40:14
    …ce. The 'wich' in Sandwich is from the Anglo-Saxon word for a port. Later old English 'wic' from Latin ''vicus'', which also gives us the word vicinity. >>{{amazon items="English Place-names" }}>> The word sandwich has since taken on many uses…
  38. Sparkling Wine — 2021-08-08 20:32:53
    …a way to make coloured glass, he had invented a manufacturing process incorporating the use of iron and manganese this also resulted in much stronger glass bottles. These bottles proved so successful that by the end of the 17th century Britai…
    …n was producing over 3 million bottles a year. Also, the English imported cork from Portugal which made a better seal in a bottle than wooden and cloth stoppers that were …
  39. Vaccination — 2021-08-07 23:07:23
    …and advising on developments in his vaccine. Jenner carried out research in a number of other areas of medicine and was also keen on fossil collecting and horticulture. He died on 26 January 1823. == Infant Killer == In the eighteenth century…
  40. Marmite — 2021-04-03 10:38:16
    …Food]]:[[1900s]] >>{{image url="Marmite.jpg" width="250" }}>> Marmite is a savoury food spread made from yeast that can also be used to flavour stews etc. === Gilmour 1902 === In 1902 the Marmite Food Company (later Marmite Ltd) was set up by …
  41. Toothbrush — 2021-01-28 15:14:07
    … == His business boomed having to move premises. William died a wealthy man in 1808 leaving business to his eldest son, also called William. Addis began exporting products abroad to the US in the 1880’s. By the time WWII came along Addis empl…
  42. Float Glass — 2020-12-08 00:24:27
    …his time quality plate glass could only be made by a costly and wasteful plate process that the Pilkington Brothers had also innovated. Because there was glass-to-roller contact, surfaces were marked. The glass then had to be ground and polishe…
  43. Petroleum — 2020-12-03 01:07:44
    …ued for patent infringement in the USA. It was more crudely refined and that meant it was cheaper than Young's fuel. It also had a reputation for causing explosions and house fires. The Scottish oil industry continued to fight a fierce battle …
  44. Railway — 2020-11-30 12:55:52
    …rack laid in Britain increased from only '''500 miles''' in 1838 to over '''8,000''' by 1855. This expansion of track also brought down the cost of travel so that all but the poorest could afford to travel by train. In the stagecoach days, a …
  45. Sport — 2020-11-30 00:32:47
    …ormed in 1930. Hockey, or "Field Hockey" as it is also known, is now played in every continent with many nations competing in the three major competitions - The Olympic Games…
  46. Cricket — 2020-08-26 21:18:47
    …Guildford. The first //recorded// cricket match took place at Coxheath in [[Kent]], [[England]] in **1646**. This match also produced the first record of betting on cricket. === Marylebone Cricket Club 1787 === The world's first cricket club w…
    … class="left" width="100"}}The beginnings of modern cricket is said to be to be 1787, when the Marylebone Cricket Club also known MCC was created. The MCC has since then gone on to become one of the most prominent bodies in world cricket The f…
  47. Pop Rivet — 2020-08-17 14:41:51
    …ivet" width="350" }} British engineer Hamilton Neil Wylie invented the "Pop rivet" and patented his brainchild in 1916. Also called a blind rivet it allowed one person to fit a rivet with access only needed from one side. {{Image url="Pop-Riv…
    …left" title="Pop rivet advert" width="700" }} George Tucker Eyelet Company of Birmingham, [[Warwickshire]] [[England]] also began manufacturing the "Pop" rivet as war increased the need for aircraft. {{tag ids="Rivet Aviation Engineer Product…
  48. Hydroelectric Power — 2020-08-17 09:05:43
    …s was used to drive a Siemens dynamo in what was the **world's first hydroelectric power station.** The electricity was also used to power an arc lamp installed in the Gallery in 1878. The arc lamp was replaced in 1880 by [[Light_bulb| Joseph S…
  49. Linoleum — 2020-08-17 08:43:03
    …ton" width="" birth_date="13 March 1834" caption="Halifax, Yorkshire" death_date="16 May 1928" }} {{toc}} **Linoleum**, also called Lino, is a versatile hard wearing floor covering. Despite many new types of flooring on the market, lino is stil…
  50. Stevenson Screen — 2020-08-17 08:38:43
    …rld Meteorological Organization. The screens contain a dry bulb thermometer and a wet bulb thermometer. Larger screens also include minimum and maximum thermometers and optional recording instruments: thermograph and/or a hygrograph, or a ther…
    …l="StevensonSensor.png" class="left" title="Stevenson Sensor" width="300" }} == Siting == The unit and sensors should also be positioned in open space away from any nearby potential sources of heat such as buildings, airports and brick walls,…
  51. Jet Engine — 2020-08-15 08:35:25
    … the money. Manufacturing of the engine was offered to BTH, Vauxhall and Rover. Eventually taken up by Rover only. They also sent out a contract for a simple airframe to carry the engine, which was quickly taken up by Gloster Aircraft. == It w…
  52. Gravity — 2020-08-06 08:19:13
    … fall in his orchard at some time during 1665 or 1666 that Newton conceived that the same force that acted on the apple also governed the motion of the Moon and planets. {{Image url="Apple_falling.gif" class="right" }} When he saw the apple fal…
    …a specific kind of motion—gravity. Newton understood that gravity was the force of attraction between two objects. He also understood that an object with more matter –mass- exerted the greater force, or pulled smaller object toward it. That…
    …lly in the opposite direction. Or, '''Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.''' == Cat Flap == Newton is also credited with inventing the first known cat flap. While he was in his attic trying to conduct light experiments, his ca…
  53. Rubber Band — 2020-06-28 12:40:44
    …erry of Messers Perry and Co, Rubber Manufacturers of [[London]] patented the rubber band in England on March 17, 1845. Also known as an elastic band the idea was touted by Thomas Hancock after he patented vulcanized [[Rubber]]. {{Image url="R…
  54. Christmas Traditions — 2019-12-27 02:21:30
    …Pie.jpg" width="200" }}||Mincemeat pie is a small sweet pastry pie, versions without the top are known as a mince tart, also a pie may be family sized. Filled with a sweet mince filling of fruit, raisins currants and spices. Origins can be tra…
  55. Emergency Telephone Number — 2017-07-06 10:16:06
    …interface, it was decided to make the numbers difficult to dial accidentally by making them involve long sequences, but also easy find by the **blind**, in the **dark** or in **thick smoke**. It was suggested using the end number 9, three times…
  56. Theodolite — 2017-07-05 08:57:22
    …his fathers achievements to the world's attention. As well as being a cartographer his father was an inventor. Digges also independently invented the reflecting telescope, or the refracting telescope as part of his theodolite to improve the a…
  57. Viagra — 2017-06-01 14:56:53
    …== Bell, Brown and Terrett 1991 === In 1991, inventors **Andrew Bell**, **Dr David Brown** and **Dr Nicholas Terrett** (also Pfizer employees at [[Kent]] [[England]]) discovered that chemical compounds belonging to the pyrazolopyrimidinone clas…
  58. Thriller — 2017-05-19 15:12:25
    …** by **Michael Jackson**. {{Image url="Thrillercover.jpg" class="left" title="Thriller cover" width="" }} The album also holds the record for the **most weeks at No. 1 **on the Billboard 200 chart: 37 weeks – Thriller, Michael Jackson, 2…
    …/26/1983. He also wrote 'Rock With You' and 'Off the Wall'. ::c:: == Career == >>{{amazon type="book" items="075098256X" }}>> Rod's car…
    …eer started as keyboard player with **Heatwave** also writing their hits including 'Boogie Nights', 'The Groove Line' and 'Always & Forever'. His songwriting skills were no…

The emblem of Rule Britannia
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